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. 2023 Jan 21;13:1215. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-27782-2

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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R402H^mod/R402H^mod embryos have an increase in the number of apoptotic cells. (a–c) Representative coronal sections from E16.5 embryos stained for the apoptotic cell marker cleaved-caspase 3. (a) Wild-type (+/+); (b) heterozygous (R402H^wt/+), and (c) homozygous (R402H^wt/R402H^wt) animals contain very few caspase-3-positive cells. (d) Quantification of caspase-3-positive cells shows no significant different between homozygous animals and control littermates. (e–g) Coronal sections from Tuba1a modified embryos stained for Caspase-3. (e) wild-type (+/+); (f) heterozygous (R402H^mod/+) and (g) homozygous (R402H^mod/R402H^mod) animals. (h) Quantification shows that homozygous R402H^mod/R402H^mod have a significant increase in the number of caspase-3-positive cells compared to wildtype and heterozygous R402H^mod/R402H⁺ littermates. P < 0.01**. Error bars show Mean ± SEM. Scale bars indicate 50 μm.