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. 2023 Jan 21;9:18. doi: 10.1038/s41420-023-01333-0

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 8 — A Core genes with an increased expression in PD samples indicate deregulation of IL-17 signaling. Corresponding expression data for PD patients (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5) are shown in relative comparison to HCs (C1, C1_2, C2, C3, C4). The data were normalized for each of the represented genes to the median result of HCs at the respective time-point. B, C Time-course mRNA expression data (0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h) of the transcription factors RORC and BATF are shown for PD patients and HCs. Median results are indicated by bars and total expression ranges by single data points. P-values for the comparison between PD and HC groups are indicated for the individual time-points by asterisks (ns: not significant; *p-value ≤ 0.05; **p-value ≤ 0.01). D–G Flow cytometric analysis was done for CD4+ T cells, 6 h after CD4+ T cell activation. D Purity of the isolated CD4+ T cells was confirmed for HC and PD groups. E, F Significant increase of Th17 (IL-17+) and gamma delta (γδTCR+) subtypes were detected amongst the CD4+ T cells of the PD group. G Significant increase of IL-17 producing T cells was detected amongst the γδTCR + CD4+ T cells subpopulation (γδTCR + IL-17+) of the PD group. Median results of HC and PD groups are indicated by horizontal lines and total percentage ranges by individual data points. P-values for the comparison between PD and HC groups are specified.