Table 2.

Obstetric, neonatal, and infant outcomes assessed by the C-VIPER and the PIPER

Obstetrica	Neonatal (< 29 days of age)a	Infant (29 days–12 months of age)
Spontaneous abortion	Major congenital malformations	Developmental milestones (motor, cognitive, language, social-emotional, and mental health skills) at 6, 9, and 12 months of ageb
Antenatal bleeding	Low birth weight	Height
Gestational diabetes	Neonatal death	Weight
Gestational hypertension	Neonatal encephalopathy	Failure to thrive
Intrauterine growth restriction	Neonatal infections	Medical conditions during the first 12 months of life
Postpartum hemorrhage	Neonatal acute kidney injury	COVID-19
Fetal distress	Preterm birth
Uterine rupture	Respiratory distress in the newborn
Placenta previa	Small for gestational age
Chorioamnionitis	Stillbirth
Caesarean delivery	COVID-19
COVID-19

COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019, C-VIPER COVID-19 Vaccines International Pregnancy Registry, PIPER Pregistry International Pregnancy Exposure Registry

^aBased on case definitions developed by the Global Alignment of Immunization safety Assessment in pregnancy network [21], except COVID-19

^bAs assessed by the Caregiver-Reported Early Development Instrument[23]