Table 5.
Multiple drug resistance patterns of bacteria isolated from the nasopharynx of asymptomatic primary school children at Debre Berhan town, North Shewa Ethiopia, February 1 to April 30, 2021
| Isolated bacteria | Antimicrobial resistance pattern | MDR n ≥ 3 |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ro; n (%) |
R1 n (%) |
R2 n (%) |
R3 n (%) |
R4 n (%) |
R5 n (%) |
≥ R6 | ||
| Gram positive | 7 (6.8) | 12 (11.7)) | 18 (17.5) | 19 (18.4) | 17 (16.5) | 20 (19.4) | 10 (9.7) | 66 (56.1) |
| S. aureus (73) | 2 (2.7) | 9 (12.3) | 12 (14.4) | 14 (19.2) | 11 (15.1) | 15 (20.5) | 10 (13.7) | 50 (68.5) |
| CONS (20) | 3 (15) | 2 (10) | 3 (15) | 4 (20) | 5 (25) | 3 (15) | – | 12 (60) |
| S. pyogens (10) | 2 (20) | 1 (10) | 3 (30) | 1 (10) | 1 (10) | 2 (20) | – | 4 (40) |
| Gram negative | 4 (11.8) | 4 (11.8) | 6 (17.6) | 7 (20.6) | 6 (17.6) | 6 (17.6) | 19 (55.9) | |
| K. pneumoniae (10) | 1 (10) | 1 (10) | 2 (20) | 2 (20) | 2 (20) | 2 (20) | 6 (60) | |
| H. influenzae (9) | 1 (11.11) | 1 (11.11) | 1 (11.11) | 2 (22.2) | 2 (22.2) | 2 (22.2) | 6 (66.7) | |
| K. rhinoscleromatis (9) | 1 (11.11) | 1 (11.11) | 1 (11.11) | 3 (33.33) | 1 (11.11) | 2 (22.2) | 6 (66.7) | |
| K. oxytoca (6) | 1 (16.7) | 1 (16.7) | 2 (33.33) | – | 1 (16.7) | – | 1 (16.7 | |
| Overall Totalb | 11 (8.02) | 16 (11.7) | 24 (17.5) | 26 (18.98) | 23 (16.8) | 26 (18.98) | 10 (7.3) | 85 (62.04%) |
MDR multi-drug resistant, R0 No antibiotic resistance, R1 resistance to one class, R2 resistance to two class, R3 resistance to three class, R4 resistance to four class, R4 resistance to four antibiotics class, R5 resistance to five and more than five antibiotics class
aPercent is computed from the total number of each bacteria species
bPercent is computed from a total number of isolates