Fig. 2.

Overview of Hierarchical Clustering analysis based on differential protein expression derived from plasma exosomes. A–C The respective heatmaps were constructed according to relative abundance ratios. D The overlapping proteins between Exocarta database and the proteins identified by proteomic-based MS technolog. E Differential protein expression statistics of proteomic data demonstrated significantly differentially expressed proteins (log₂ (fold change) > 1.5 or log₂ (fold change) <  − 1.5 and p-value < 0.05). F Venn diagram of the number of differentially expressed proteins, LRG1and ITIH3. G Subcellular localization of differentially expressed proteins from plasma exosomes, CRPC/TFC, CRPC/PCa and PCa/TFC