Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of a cohort of PWH (n=201) who have opioid use disorder and inject drugs in Russia (2018–2020) - overall and stratified by incarceration history
| Overall | Incarceration History | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Ever Incarcerated | Never Incarcerated | ||
| (n=201) | (n=139) | (n=62) | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 37 (5) | 37 (4) | 36 (5) |
| Gender, no. (%) | |||
| Male | 118 (58.7%) | 98 (70.5%) | 20 (32.3%) |
| Female | 83 (41.3%) | 41 (29.5%) | 42 (67.7%) |
| Married or Living with Partner, no. (%) | 123 (61.2%) | 84 (60.4%) | 39 (62.9%) |
| Stable Living Situation for the Past 30 Days, no. (%) | 188 (93.5%) | 127 (91.4%) | 61 (98.4%) |
| Employment over past year, no. (%) | |||
| Full-time employment, student, or homemaker | 85 (42.3%) | 57 (41.0%) | 28 (45.2%) |
| Other† | 116 (57.7%) | 82 (59.0%) | 34 (54.8%) |
| Income, rubles/month, no. (%) | |||
| 0–20,000 | 62 (30.8%) | 41 (29.5%) | 21 (33.9%) |
| >20,000 | 139 (69.2%) | 98 (70.5%) | 41 (66.1%) |
| Ran out of money for necessities in past 12 months, no. (%) | 114 (56.7%) | 77 (55.4%) | 37 (59.7%) |
| Years since initial HIV diagnosis, mean (SD) | 13 (6) | 13 (6) | 12 (6) |
| Ever had CD4 test, self-reported, no. (%) | |||
| Yes | 117 (58.2%) | 81 (58.3%) | 36 (58.1%) |
| No | 48 (23.9%) | 30 (21.6%) | 18 (29.0%) |
| Don’t know | 36 (17.9%) | 28 (20.1%) | 8 (12.9%) |
| Lowest self-reported CD4 cell count, mean (SD) ‡ | 362 (227) | 358 (235) | 372 (209) |
| High risk alcohol use (AUDIT score ≥8), no. (%) | 99 (49.3%) | 67 (48.2%) | 32 (51.6%) |
| Moderate/severe depression symptoms (CES-D ≥16), no. (%) | 155 (77.1%) | 106 (76.3%) | 49 (79.0%) |
| Moderate/severe anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 ≥10), no. (%) | 81 (40.3%) | 51 (36.7%) | 30 (48.4%) |
| Health-related quality of life (VR-12), mean (SD) | |||
| Physical Component Score (PCS) | 37.6 (12.3) | 38.9 (11.8) | 34.6 (13.0) |
| Mental Component Score (MCS) | 44.4 (10.3) | 45.1 (9.9) | 42.8 (11.0) |
| Total time incarcerated in lifetime, median (25th, 75th percentiles) | 54 (29,102) | ||
Abbreviations: PWID = people who inject drugs; AUDIT = Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test; CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (standard 20-item version); GAD-7 = Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (standard 7-item); VR-12 = Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey.
†
Employment status for most of the past year compared those who reported being full-time employed, homemaker, or student to those who reported part-time employment, unemployed, disabled, or retired.
‡
Among those who affirmatively reported prior CD4 testing.