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. 2023 Jan 23;13:20. doi: 10.1038/s41398-023-02318-4

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — A, B Behavioral paradigm for sucrose (A) and cocaine exposure (B). C Heatmaps of the c-Fos density averaged from mice exposed to natural and addictive rewards. The warmer color, the more robust c-Fos expression in the brain region. D Fold increase of the c-Fos signal density, where the reward-treated groups are normalized to controls (either water- or saline-treated groups). Frontal pole (FRP), somatomotor areas (MO), somatosensory areas (SS), gustatory areas (GU), visceral area (VISC), auditory areas (AUD), visual areas (VIS), anterior cingulate area (ACA), prelimbic area (PL), infralimbic area (ILA), orbital area (ORB), agranular insular area (AI), retrosplenial area (RSP), temporal association area (Tea), perirhinal area (PERI), ectorhinal area (ECT), olfactory areas (OLF), hippocampal formation (Hipp f.), hippocampal CA1 (CA1), hippocampal CA2 (CA2), hippocampal CA3 (CA3), dentate gyrus (DG), retrohippocampal region (RHP), cortical subplate (Cortical sp.), basolateral amygdala (BLA), basomedial amygdalar nucleus (BMA), claustrum (CLA), endopiriform nucleus (EP), posterior amygdalar nucleus (PA), nucleus accumbens (ACB), fundus of striatum (FS), caudoputamen (CP), striatum-like amygdalar nuclei (sAMY), lateral septal complex (LSX), thalamus (TH), hypothalamus (HY), hindbrain (HB), pallidum (PAL), midbrain (MB).