TABLE 3.

lncRNAs and circRNAs involved in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Disease	Upregulated	Downregulated	Pathogenesis	Reference
CRSwNP	lncRNA XLOC_010280, HK3-006, LINC01198, LINC01094, LINC01798, LINC01829, LINC01320. etc. hsa-circ-0031593, hsa-circ-0031594. etc (1,081 circRNAs)	RP11798M19.6. 1794 circRNAs	1. Regulating CCL18 and inflammation (lncRNA XLOC_010280); 2. Regulating GALNT7 and cell proliferation (RP11798M19.6); 3. Regulating arachidonic acid metabolism, type 2 cytokines related pathway and fibrinolysis pathway (HK3-006); 4. Through sponge miR-6776-5p (LINC01198); 5. MIAT/miR-125a/IRF4 axis; 6. Chemokine signal path and PI3K/AKT signal path	Wang et al. (2016), Wang et al. (2020), Yu et al. (2021b), Chen et al. (2022), Wang et al. (2022)
ECRSwNP	MIAT, HOTAIRM1, TSPOAP1-AS1, MSC-AS1, LBX2-AS1, CARD8-AS1, lncRNA XLOC_010280		1. Affecting the expression of all the DEmRs by interaction with the DEmiRs (MSC-AS1,CARD8-AS1); 2.Regulating CCL18 and eosinophilic inflammation (lncRNA XLOC_010280)	Liu et al. (2019b), Li and Liu (2022)