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. 2023 Jan 9;13:1096741. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1096741

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Copyright © 2023 Pang, Pan, Xu, Ma, Wang, Xu, Wang and Zang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Mechanism of ES for the treatment of ED. Electrical stimulation treats erectile dysfunction by promoting cavernous smooth muscle proliferation, repairing cavernous nerves, and increasing endothelial cell NO.