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. 2023 Jan 9;13:1096741. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1096741

FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 3

Mechanism of Li-ESWT for the treatment of ED. Mechanical waves stimulate the endothelial mechanosensors of the blood vessels, resulting in neovascularization. It also stimulates nNOS production in vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and nerve cells, and cGMP production increases. Together, these promote increased blood flow to the penile corpus cavernosum and penile erection.