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. 2023 Jan 9;10:1091629. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1091629

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Somitic mesoderm convergent extension occurs independently from neural plate morphogenetic program and surface ectoderm development. (A) Representative images of transverse cross sections from control and Vangl2 neural plate morphant stage 16 embryos. Control and Vangl2 morphant embryos are siblings raised side by side. Orange outline: Somitic mesoderm. Purple Outine: neural plate. Double headed arrows: neural plate width. Scale bar: 100 μm (B) Quantification of somitic mesoderm convergent extension in control and Vangl2 neural plate morphant embryos. Two-sided unpaired Student’s t-test; ns, p = .591; mean ± SEM; n = 6 embryos. (C) Representative images of transverse cross sections from Shroom3 unilateral morphant neural plate stage 16 embryo. Orange outline: Somitic mesoderm. Purple arrows: neural plate hinge point at the control neural plate side. Red arrows: absence of neural plate hinge point at the Shroom3 morphant side. Scale bar: 100 μm (C’) Magnified image from neural plate control and Shroom3 morphant side. Orange outlines: neural plate cells. Cells at the control side acquire a wedge shape, characteristic of apical constriction. Cells at the Shroom3 morphant side fail to undergo apical constriction and remain cuboidal. (D) Quantification of somitic mesoderm convergent extension in control and Shoom3 morphant neural plate. Two-sided paired Student’s t-test; ns, p = .516 n = 9 embryos (E) Representative images of transverse cross sections from a stage 16 embryo expressing FF-GFP at the one side of the surface ectoderm. Orange outline: Somitic mesoderm. Purple arrows: neural plate hinge point at the control neural plate side. Red arrows: absence of neural plate hinge point at the FF-GFP surface ectoderm side. Scale bar: 100 μm (E’) Zoomed images of control and FF-GFP surface ectoderm. Double arrowheads: surface ectoderm thickness. Control surface ectoderm is a double layered tissue while the FF-GFP surface ectoderm is composed of multiple cell layers. Phalloidin staining in panel E is weak due to high autofluorescence of yolk platelets within the cells. (F) Quantification of somitic mesoderm convergent extension in control and FF-GFP side from embryos displaying unilateral surface ectoderm FF-GFP expression. Two-sided paired Student’s t-test; ns, p = 0,683; n = 8 embryos SM, somitic mesoderm; CE, convergent extension.