Fig. 3.

Elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (≥ 15) and select SIRS score components are prognostic indicators of COVID-19 bacterial co-infection. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% CIs for COVID-19 bacterial co-infection post-admission risk factors are shown for the UAB (green) and OLHS (purple) cohorts. Accompanying co-infection rates and Wald test statistical significance are reported for each model variable. SIRS components were restricted to the first reading within 24-h of admission. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was computed with first complete blood count measurement taken within 24-h of admission. n, total inpatient encounters; C, Celsius temperature; SIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndrome; CI, Confidence interval; OR, adjusted odds ratio; UAB, University of Alabama at Birmingham cohort; OLHS, Ochsner Louisiana State University Health—Shreveport cohort