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. 2023 Jan 23;13:1239. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-28070-9

Table 2.

Regressing mental health changes on daily virtual nature exposure (N = 40).

Δ Worry Δ Panic Δ Depressive symptoms Δ Rumination
M1 M2 M1 M2 M1 M2 M1 M2
β p β p β p β p β p β p β p β p
Female  − 0.07 0.70  − 0.14 0.39 0.01 0.93  − 0.05 0.78 0.19 0.26 0.19 0.28 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.21
COVID semester 0.01 0.97 0.13 0.52 0.14 0.53 0.24 0.27  − 0.19 0.36  − 0.19 0.40 0.10 0.64 0.08 0.72
Δ Sleep  − 0.07 0.73  − 0.03 0.87  − 0.07 0.74  − 0.04 0.86 0.02 0.92 0.02 0.92 0.20 0.33 0.20 0.35
Δ Physical activity 0.03 0.88 0.06 0.72 0.00 0.98 0.03 0.86 0.12 0.45 0.13 0.46  − 0.09 0.60  − 0.09 0.58
Virtual nature  − 0.41 0.018**  − 0.33 0.058  − 0.02 0.93 0.07 0.69
R2/adj. R2 0.011/ − 0.10 0.16/0.041 0.036/ − 0.074 0.13/0.006 0.075/ − 0.031 0.075/ − 0.061 0.082/ − 0.023 0.087/ − 0.048

M1 = Model 1, which provides a base model without the virtual nature intervention; M2 = Model 2, which adds the virtual nature intervention to the base model; **p < .01, p < .10.