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. 2023 Jan 14;9(1):e13035. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13035

Table 2.

Descriptive statistics, correlation matrix, and internal consistency.

No Variable Cronbach α Mean S.D 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 Gender 1
2 Age −.08 1
3 PRH .93 2.99 .76 −.03 .03 1
4 TSRQ .87 3.36 .80 −.05 −.03 .19** 1
5 ENG .89 3.49 .83 .03 −.03 .29** .40** 1
6 SH .73 3.13 .77 .08 −.04 .19** .25** −.02 1

Note: PRH = perceived related humor, TSRQ = teacher–student relationship quality, ENG = engagement, SH = sense of humor, **p < .01.

Control variables: We added two control variables (gender and age) based on the consideration that both are related to a personal sense of humor [19,56] as well as the perceived quality of the relationship between students and teachers [35,57]. Both variables are coded: female (1), male (2), <20 yo (1), 20–25 yo (2), and above 25 yo (3).