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. 2023 Jan 9;12:1054205. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1054205

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Copyright © 2023 Kong, Shang, Liu, Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar, Suo-lang, Xu, Tan, Li and Liu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. on intestinal microbiota composition in Salmonella Typhimurium-challenged mice. (A) Fecal microflora of mice analyzed by a Veen diagram. Relative abundance of gut bacterial taxa among different groups. (B) Principal component analysis (PCA) of the fecal microbiota; PCA map based on Euclidean distance. Each point indicates one sample; the distance of the two points indicates the difference in fecal microbiota. (C) Diversity indices of the fecal microbiota in different groups; Chao1, Goods_Coverage, Shannon, Simpson, Pielou’s_e, and Observed indices were used to evaluate the alpha diversity of the fecal microbiota. (D) Phylum level. (E) Genus level. The results were evaluated through one-way ANOVA. All the data represent means ± SD. *P < 0.05.