Table 5.
Subgroup analysis for CHF with DM.
| Characteristic | CHF without DM | CHF with DM | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | FI (mean ±SD) | n (%) | FI (mean ±SD) | ||
| Gender | 0.29 | ||||
| Female | 243 (50.22) | 0.32 ± 0.01 | 229 (45.65) | 0.36 ± 0.01** | |
| Male | 324 (49.78) | 0.26 ± 0.01 | 329 (54.35) | 0.32 ± 0.01**** | |
| Race | 0.05 | ||||
| Mexican American | 49 (2.68) | 0.26 ± 0.02 | 59 (3.97) | 0.36 ± 0.02*** | |
| Non-hispanic black | 100 (8.96) | 0.30 ± 0.01 | 152 (14.61) | 0.34 ± 0.01 | |
| Non-hispanic white | 360 (79.76) | 0.29 ± 0.01 | 283 (74.22) | 0.34 ± 0.01**** | |
| Other hispanic | 31 (5.40) | 0.33 ± 0.03 | 44 (3.45) | 0.39 ± 0.02 | |
| Other race—including multi-racial | 27 (3.19) | 0.28 ± 0.03 | 20 (3.75) | 0.27 ± 0.02 | |
| Annual family income | 0.05 | ||||
| < $20,000 | 238 (42.82) | 0.32 ± 0.01 | 235 (35.34) | 0.36 ± 0.01*** | |
| ≥$20,000 | 329 (57.18) | 0.27 ± 0.01 | 323 (64.66) | 0.32 ± 0.01**** | |
| Edu | 0.08 | ||||
| < High school | 89 (12.40) | 0.32 ± 0.01 | 120 (16.90) | 0.35 ± 0.02 | |
| >High school | 209 (36.22) | 0.26 ± 0.01 | 204 (40.51) | 0.33 ± 0.01**** | |
| High school | 269 (51.38) | 0.30 ± 0.01 | 234 (42.59) | 0.34 ± 0.01** | |
| BMI | < 0.0001 | ||||
| ≤ 20 | 27 (4.09) | 0.28 ± 0.02 | 8 (1.01) | 0.36 ± 0.04 | |
| >30 | 214 (40.33) | 0.29 ± 0.01 | 361 (65.55) | 0.35 ± 0.01*** | |
| 20–25 | 118 (20.70) | 0.28 ± 0.01 | 56 (8.21) | 0.30 ± 0.02 | |
| 25–30 | 208 (34.87) | 0.29 ± 0.01 | 133 (25.23) | 0.32 ± 0.01 | |
| Age mean ± SD | 67.82 ± 0.90 | 68.30 ± 0.53 | 0.63 | ||
| FI mean ± SD | 0.29 ± 0.01 | 0.34 ± 0.01 | < 0.0001 | ||
| WBC, 103/μl, Mean ± SD | 7.51 ± 0.13 | 7.91 ± 0.13 | 0.04 | ||
| Plt, 103/μl, Mean ± SD | 237.42 ± 4.77 | 222.94 ± 3.81 | 0.02 | ||
| BMI kg/m2 | 29.92 ± 0.57 | 33.82 ± 0.43 | < 0.0001 | ||
T-tests compare with CHF without DM, **means P < 0.01; ***means P < 0.001; ****means P < 0.0001.