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. 2023 Jan 9;13:1106260. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1106260

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Copyright © 2023 Deng, Du, Yin, Cao, Wang, Zhang, Yang and Han.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The pharmacological mechanisms of rhein in improving IR in DM by inhibiting HBP overactivity. PAGM, Phosphoacetllucosaminemutase; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; ADP, adenosine diphosphate; UDP, uridine diphosphate; UTP, uridine triphosphate.