Conjugation of antigen to CTB enables the use of Mφ as APC. DC, B cells, and Mφ were pulsed with free antigen or with CTB-coupled antigen and incubated with antigen-specific TCR-transgenic T cells. (A through C) Data are expressed as the SI obtained with different concentrations of HA peptide (□), chemically conjugated CTB-HA peptide (■), and genetically coupled CTH-HA peptide (●) using either DC (A), B cells (B), or Mφ (C) as APC. (D through F) Data are expressed as the SI obtained with different concentrations of OVA (◊), CTB-OVA (⧫), OVA peptide (▿), and CTB-OVA peptide (▾) using either DC (D), B cells (E), or Mφ (F) as APC. Data represent one of two experiments using 105 purified T cells with 104 APC.