Table 2.
Summary of results of mixed linear model analyses on score of different clinical outcome measures of participants in the multi-domain computerized cognitive training group (Experimental group) and multi-domain traditional cognitive training group (Control group) for the baseline, post-training, and 3-month follow-up assessment occasions.
| Outcome | Experimental group (n = 30) | Control group (n = 30) | Liner mixed model | Within-group comparisons (post-pre) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Post-training | Follow-up | Baseline | Post-training | Follow-up | Time | Group | Group*time | Experimental group | Control group | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | t | p | t | p | t | p | t | p | t | P | |
| FSIQ | 57.83 (4.11) | 61.11 (3.58) | 63.63 (3.19) | 58.03 (3.31) | 59.14 (3.30) | 61.26 (2.65) | 272.06 | <0.01 | 2.23 | 0.14 | 31.97 | <0.01* | −4.69 | <0.01* | −3.71 | <0.01* |
| VIQ | 49.50 (2.73) | 52.79 (2.86) | 55.26 (2.47) | 50.23 (3.00) | 50.68 (2.78) | 53.33 (2.73) | 175.01 | <0.01 | 2.25 | 0.14 | 33.83 | <0.01* | −10.59 | <0.01* | −2.84 | <0.01* |
| Arithmetic task | 3.00 (0.79) | 4.54 (0.84) | 5.30 (0.67) | 2.87 (0.82) | 3.29 (0.81) | 4.00 (0.62) | 163.48 | <0.01 | 26.28 | <0.01 | 29.94 | <0.01* | −4.57 | <0.01* | −3.46 | <0.01* |
| Vocabulary task | 3.27 (0.91) | 4.04 (0.92) | 4.74 (0.81) | 3.33 (0.88) | 3.36 (0.91) | 3.93 (0.83) | 63.98 | <0.01 | 5.56 | 0.02 | 17.30 | <0.01* | −6.01 | <0.01* | −1.00 | 0.32 |
| PIQ | 74.97 (6.73) | 80.25 (6.42) | 79.52 (5.77) | 74.33 (5.88) | 79.07 (5.48) | 77.37 (4.79) | 183.19 | <0.01 | 0.63 | 0.43 | 1.06 | 0.35 | −16.59 | <0.01* | −9.83 | <0.01* |
| Animal egg task | 8.73 (1.72) | 9.43 (1.79) | 9.52 (1.76) | 8.63 (1.50) | 9.07 (1.65) | 9.07 (1.69) | 73.60 | <0.01 | 0.56 | 0.46 | 6.14 | <0.01* | −4.47 | <0.01* | −3.31 | <0.01* |
| Picture completion task | 6.13 (1.04) | 6.21 (1.03) | 6.96 (0.94) | 6.10 (1.03) | 6.29 (1.01) | 6.81 (0.88) | 65.59 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 0.93 | 0.70 | 0.50 | −1.41 | 0.16 | −2.00 | 0.05* |
| Mazes task | 5.17 (1.23) | 5.18 (1.25) | 5.22 (1.25) | 5.30 (1.02) | 5.29 (0.98) | 5.30 (0.99) | 0.97 | 0.38 | 0.14 | 0.71 | 0.98 | 0.38 | −1.00 | 0.31 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Geometric design task | 6.17 (1.51) | 6.54 (1.53) | 6.56 (1.55) | 5.77 (1.43) | 6.11 (1.40) | 6.26 (1.29) | 6.60 | <0.01 | 0.89 | 0.35 | 0.31 | 0.73 | −2.89 | <0.01* | −1.52 | 0.13 |
| Block design task | 6.97 (1.43) | 7.46 (1.26) | 8.07 (1.07) | 6.93 (1.72) | 7.21 (1.62) | 7.37 (1.52) | 27.27 | <0.01 | 0.61 | 0.44 | 5.05 | 0.01* | −3.00 | <0.01* | −2.14 | 0.03* |
| ADQ | 56.30 (3.81) | 59.96 (3.66) | 62.96 (2.98) | 56.07 (3.10) | 58.04 (2.66) | 61.11 (2.53) | 676.95 | <0.01 | 2.22 | 0.14 | 28.05 | <0.01* | −4.71 | <0.01* | −4.68 | <0.01* |
| Daily living skills | 28.40 (2.70) | 28.57 (2.10) | 29.04 (2.03) | 28.33 (1.90) | 28.43 (1.83) | 28.52 (2.05) | 1.07 | 0.35 | 0.23 | 0.64 | 0.29 | 0.75 | −1.51 | 0.13 | −0.45 | 0.66 |
| Communication | 32.20 (4.68) | 34.32 (3.99) | 35.07 (3.25) | 31.07 (3.70) | 32.00 (3.08) | 32.74 (2.67) | 43.11 | <0.01 | 3.23 | 0.08 | 10.86 | <0.01* | −4.23 | <0.01* | −2.45 | 0.01* |
| Socialization | 12.40 (4.01) | 16.11 (3.72) | 19.37 (3.67) | 12.67 (3.91) | 15.36 (2.83) | 18.89 (3.00) | 840.38 | <0.01 | 0.02 | 0.90 | 4.35 | 0.02* | −5.51 | <0.01* | −4.78 | <0.01* |
FSIQ, Full-scale Intelligence Quotient; VIQ, Verbal Intelligence Quotient; PIQ, Performance Intelligence Quotient; ADQ, Adaptive Developmental Quotients. For this measure, the total sample size was 60 (experimental group: 30, control group: 30), and the results of the linear mixed model comparisons were obtained after controlling for age, sex, and child’s clinical disorder.
*
p < 0.05.