Biological role of PTBP1 in vivo. Mice were divided into two groups, namely, the NC + SF group and the sh-PTBP1 + SF group. (A) Representative images of nude mice after various treatments (mice that had succumbed and/or were deemed inelegible were excluded). (B) The tumor volume was measured every 3–4 days. An increase in the mean tumor volume was observed after silencing of PTBP1. (C) The mean tumor weight was decreased in the NC + SF group compared with that in the sh-PTBP1 + SF group after SF treatment for two weeks. (D) The relative levels of ferroptosis indicators, including GSH, MDA, and iron. (E) Proteins were extracted from random mouse specimens, and the levels of PTBP1, FTH1, GPX4 and NCOA4 were assessed by a western blot analysis, with GAPDH as the internal reference. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001 (Student's t-test). PTBP1, polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1; NC, negative control; SF, sorafenib; sh-, short hairpin RNA; GSH, glutathione; MDA, malondialdehyde; FTH1, ferritin heavy chain 1; GPX4, glutathione peroxidase 4; NCOA4, nuclear receptor coactivator 4.