Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2023 Jan 9;12:1096717. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1096717

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2023 Li, Huang, Tian and Sun

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC). TME is a dynamic complex and comprehensive system, composed of various cellular components and non-cellular components. ESCC cells are born to create an immunosuppressive milieu suppressing the proliferation and function of cytolytic NK and T cells directly and indirectly. ESCC, esophageal squamous cell cancer; CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte; NK, natural killer cell; MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cell; TAM, tumor-associated macrophage; CAF, cancer-associated fibroblast; Treg, regulator T cell; TAN, tumor-associated neutrophils; Th17, T helper cell 17; MHC-1, major histocompatibility class I; TCR, T cell receptor; KAR, killer activation receptor; KIR, killer inhibitory receptor; PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1; PD-L1, programmed cell death ligand 1; PD-L2, programmed cell death ligand 2; CTLA-4, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4; LAG-3, lymphocyte activation gene-3; TIM-3, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein-3; TIGIT, T-cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; IL, interleukin; CXCL, CXC motif chemokine ligand; CCL, CC motif chemokine ligand; CCR, CC motif chemokine receptor; IDO, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase-2; ROS, reactive oxygen species.