Table 1.

Selected CAR T cell trials exploring the safety and efficacy of added cytokine or cytokine receptor (“signal-3”).

Cytokine, cytokine receptor	CAR target	Disease	clinicaltrials.gov identifier
IL7 + CCL19 IL7 + CCL19 IL7 + CCL19 IL7 + CCL19 IL7 + CCL19 or IL12 IL12 IL12 IL15 IL15 memIL15 IL15, IL21 IL15 IL15 IL15R agonist (NKTR-255) IL18 IL4Rα/IL2Rβ C7R C7R IL8R	CD19 CD19 GPC3 BCMA Nectin-4/FAP EGFR MUC16ecto GD2 GD2 CD19 GPC3 GPC3 GPC3 CD19 CD19 ErbB2 GD2 GD2 CD70	B cell lymphoma Diffuse large B cell lymphoma Hepatocellular carcinoma Multiple myeloma Solid tumors Colorectal cancer Ovarian cancer Neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma Lung cancer B cell leukemia/lymphoma Pediatric solid tumors Hepatocellular carcinoma Pediatric solid tumors B cell malignancies B cell lymphoma/chronic lymphatic leukemia Head & Neck squamous cell carcinoma Brain tumors Solid tumors Glioblastoma	NCT03929107 NCT04381741 NCT03198546 NCT03778346 NCT03932565 NCT03542799 NCT02498912 NCT03721068 NCT05620342 NCT03579888 NCT04715191 NCT05103631 NCT04377932 NCT03233854 NCT04684563 NCT01818323 NCT04099797 NCT03635632 NCT05353530

memIL15, membrane anchored IL15; C7R, constitutive active IL7 receptor.