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. 2023 Jan 9;9:1046931. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1046931

TABLE 2.

Univariate analysis of risk factors for POAF in the training/validation cohort.

Characteristic POAF (n = 16) Non-POAF (n = 49) P-value
Gender (n,%) 0.065
   Male 7 (43.8) 34 (69.4)
   Female 9 (56.3) 15 (30.6)
Age (years) 55.5 (50.3, 62.3) 50.0 (39.5, 60.0) 0.073
Body mass index (kg/m2) 24.8 ± 4.1 24.1 ± 3.8 0.522
Smoking history (n,%) 1 (6.3) 14 (28.6) 0.134
Resting heart rate (bmp) 87.1 ± 19.2 81.1 ± 15.0 0.196
6MWD (m) 388.0 (333.0, 450.0) 400.0 (300.0, 473.8) 0.790
WHO functional class (n,%) 0.638
   I 1 (6.3) 1 (2.0)
   II 8 (50.0) 25 (51.0)
   III 6 (37.5) 16 (32.7)
   IV 1 (6.3) 7 (14.3)
Comorbidity (n,%)
Hypertension 3 (18.8) 9 (18.4) 1.000
Diabetes mellitus 1 (6.3) 1 (2.0) 0.990
Coronary artery disease 1 (6.3) 6 (12.2) 0.836
Dyslipidemia 3 (18.8) 8 (16.3) 1.000
Hematologic examination
WBC (×109/L) 6.1 (4.5, 7.6) 5.3 (4.7, 6.6) 0.180
C-reactive protein (mg/L) 3.1 (2.5, 13.7) 3.0 (2.5, 4.1) 0.476
Potassium (mmol/L) 4.1 ± 0.3 4.0 ± 0.4 0.528
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) 3.6 ± 1.3 3.8 ± 1.4 0.779
NT-proBNP (pg/ml) 479.0 (61.0, 978.0) 551.0 (115.0, 1,437.0) 0.500
Echocardiogram
LA diameter (mm) 35.3 ± 4.7 34.1 ± 4.7 0.391
LV diameter (mm) 43.3 ± 6.2 41.8 ± 5.1 0.345
LVEF (%) 67.5 (65.3, 73.5) 69.0 (63.0, 73.0) 0.920
RA diameter (mm) 47.0 (40.0, 55.0) 49.5 (43.0, 61.3) 0.356
RV diameter (mm) 44.5 (39.5, 49.8) 47.5 (43.0, 53.8) 0.142
Right cardiac catheterization
Cardiac index (L/min/m2) 1.8 (1.4, 2.3) 1.8 (1.5, 2.2) 1.000
RA pressure (mmHg) 7.5 (6.0, 11.3) 8.0 (5.0, 12.0) 0.669
RV pressure (mmHg) 24.6 ± 7.0 26.1 ± 7.3 0.477
Mean PA pressure (mmHg) 38.1 ± 9.8 42.7 ± 11.6 0.151
PVR (dyn⋅s⋅cm–5) 619.8 (413.0, 1,308.5) 881.2 (590.4, 1,071.9) 0.285
EAT volume (ml) 127.2 (78.3, 170.6) 89.0 (67.8, 117.2) 0.059
EAT radiodensity (HU) −96.4 ± 5.4 −94.9 ± 4.4 0.261

EAT, epicardial adipose tissue; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; PA, pulmonary artery; POAF, postoperative atrial fibrillation; PVR, pulmonary vascular resistance; RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle; WBC, white blood cell; WHO, World Health Organization; 6MWD, 6-min walking distance.