TABLE 1.

Examples of hiPSC-derived organoids used to model a specific disease (non-exhaustive list).

Organoid	In vitro disease model	References
Brain	ZIKA virus	Qian et al. (2016)
	Microcephaly	Lancaster et al. (2013)
	Autism	de Jong et al. (2021)
Lungs	Cryptosporidium	Heo et al. (2018)
	SARS-CoV-2	Spitalieri et al. (2022)
	Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)	Harford et al. (2022)
	CF (CFTR gene)	Hirai et al. (2021)
Kidney	Polycystic kidney disease (PKD gene)	Freedman et al. (2015)
Eye	Retinite pigmentosa (RPGR gene)	Lane et al. (2020)
Esophagus	Barrett’s esophagus	(Zhang et al., 2022)*
Stomach	H-pylori	(Bartfeld et al., 2015)*
Intestine and Colon	Cryptosporidium	Heo et al. (2018)
	CF (CFTR gene)	(Vonk et al., 2020)*
	Intestinal Atresia (TTC7A gene)	(Bigorgne et al., 2014)*
	Microvillus inclusion disease (STX3 gene)	(Wiegerinck et al., 2014)*
	Dyskeratosis congenital (DKC1 gene)	(Woo et al., 2016)*
Liver	Alagille syndrome (JAG1 gene)	(Shiota et al., 2021)*
	A1AT-deficiency	(Nuciforo and Heim, 2021)*
	Wolman’s disease	Ouchi et al. (2019)
	Steatosis	Ouchi et al. (2019)
	Primary sclerosing cholangitis	Soroka et al. (2019)
	Citrullinemia type I	Akbari et al. (2019)

The starred references (*) refer to organoids derived from cell sources other than hiPSC, such as hESCs, tissue specific stem cells, etc.