TABLE 2.

Overview of the major advances and applications in patient-derived tumoroids.

Tumor model	3D culture	Microfluidic device	Notes	References
Lung	✓		Identification of therapeutic targets based on NGS results of patient-derived organoids	Yokota et al. (2021)
Metastatic colorectal cancer	✓		Test on drug sensitivity and resistance using a gel-free 3D cutlure device	Sogawa et al. (2021)
Triple-negative breast cancer		✓	Multi-parametric profiling of drug sensitivity on individual tumor types	Cromwell et al. (2022)
Cervical tissue	✓		Endo- and ectocervical derived organoids that can recapitulate in vitro the viral infections (e.g. HPV) cause of the cervival cancer	Lõ et al. (2021)
Liver	✓		Bio-active silk 3D tunable matrix that enable prolonged growth, high metabolic activity and overall enhancement of tumor properties	Arora et al. (2021)
Glioblastoma	✓		Optimization of defined media and protocol for culturing glioblastoma organoids, used to model personalized CAR-T immunotherapy	Jacob et al. (2020)
Pancreas	✓		Tumoroid profiling, using a multi-omics approach, to identify molecular and functional cancer subtypes to predict therapeutic responses	Tiriac et al. (2018)
Rectal cancer	✓		Living biobank of 80 patient-derived rectal cancer tumoroids. They demonstrated to accurately confirm the clinical outcomes of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC)	Yao et al. (2020)