Table 2.
Serum Levels of All Measured Cytokines.
| Variable | KTR, (n = 141) | LKD, (n = 112) | PGCKD+3, (n = 37) | GPhealthy, (n = 76) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-4 (pg/mL) | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 25.9 ± 43 | 10.5 ± 8.4 | 5.8 ± 7.0 | 11.8 ± 11.7 | |
| Min-max | (1.2-247.3) | (1.1-52.1) | (−0.6 to 36.2) | (0.1-79.9) | .0003 |
| Median (IQR) | 11.7 (10.3) | 8.3 (9.5) | 3 (4) | 9.9 (10.7) | |
| TGF-β (pg/mL) | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 126.6 ± 103.6 | 285.3 ± 260.7 | 148.6 ± 144.8 | 326 ± 91.3 | |
| Median (IQR) | (13.4-607.8) 107.4 (72.1) |
(1.4-617.3) 262.5 (278.2) |
(10.8-561.5) 102.4 (222.1) |
(146.9-483.6) 323 (97.4) |
.0003 |
| IL-2 (pg/mL) | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 69.3 ± 140.4 | 39.3 ± 59.9 | 102.3 ± 99.2 | 37.5 ± 31.7 | |
| Median (IQR) | (0.1-653.5) 2.3 (55.5) |
(0.06-459) 19.6 (4.68-46.96) |
(3.5-528.1) 100.2 (66.4) |
(0.33-163.4) 31.8 (31) |
.0001 |
| IL-17α (pg/mL) | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 3.1 ± 6.5 | 6.6 ± 7 | 14.1 ± 8.8 | 11.9 ± 15.8 | |
| Median (IQR) | (0.04-36.4) 0.6 (1.3) |
(1.1-42.8) 4.3 (6.7) |
(1.4-48) 12.4 (10.5) |
(−1.9 to 73.9) 5.2 (11.06) |
.0001 |
| IFN-γ (pg/mL) | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 556.44 ± 2296 | 23.01 ± 26.1 | 22.1 ± 37.2 | 17.9 ± 18.4 | |
| Median (IQR) | (0.5-23 028) 64.1 (410.6) |
(3-132) 14.1 (16.2) |
(0.3-188.9) 10.5 (9.6) |
(0.4-83.5) 9.9 (15.3) |
.0001 |
| IL-8 (pg/mL) | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 65.3 ± 133.8 | 20.7 ± 20 | 44.8 ± 42 | 24.8 ± 36.4 | .0006 |
| Median (IQR) | (8.14-953.4) 24.8 (27.5) |
(0.2-113.3) 14.1 (15) |
(1.9-165.3) 27.7 (44.6) |
(0.3-212.3) 13.4 (16.2) |
|
| IL-22 (pg/mL) | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 213.9 ± 195.9 | 58.7 ± 31.4 | 84.9 ± 214.5 | 126.4 ± 565 | |
| Median (IQR) | (1.7-827.5) 127.6 (187.7) |
(3.05-137.9) 53.9 (29.1) |
(−24.6 to 1254.6) 22 (92.3) |
(−30.8 to 4854.9) 27.2 (89.8) |
.0001 |
Note. Means and medians of each inflammatory marker. The standard deviation for the mean and the interquartile range for the median are presented in parentheses. KTR = kidney transplant recipient; LKD = live kidney donor; IL = interleukin; IQR = interquartile range; TGF-β = transforming growth factor-β; IFN-γ = interferon-gamma; SD = standard deviation; CKD = chronic kidney disease; GPhealthy and PGCKD+3, PG: participants from the general population.