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. 2023 Jan 9;10:1028525. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1028525

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Copyright © 2023 Safiri, Mahmoodpoor, Kolahi, Nejadghaderi, Sullman, Mansournia, Ansarin, Collins, Kaufman and Abdollahi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Age-standardized DALY rates of lower respiratory infections for the 21 Global Burden of Disease regions by Socio-demographic Index, 1990–2019; Expected values based on Socio-demographic Index and disease rates in all locations are shown as the black line. Thirty points are plotted for each GBD region and show the observed age-standardized DALY rates from 1990 to 2019 for that region. DALY, disability adjusted life years (generated from data available from http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool).