Table 4.

Different MSC-EXOs in a clinical trial

MSCs-EXOs	Diseases	Clinical study stage	Participants	Injection route	Ref	Trial aim
MSC-EXOs (SY)	Pancreatic Cancer	Phase 1	28	Intravenously	NCT03608631 [150]	Mesenchymal stromal cells-derived exosomes with KRAS G12D siRNA
AD-MSCs-EXOs	COVID-19	Phase 1	24	Aerosol inhalation	NCT04276987 [151]	A pilot clinical study on inhalation of mesenchymal stem cells exosomes treating severe novel coronavirus pneumonia
MSC-EXOs	COVID-19	Phase 1 Phase 2	30	Inhalation	NCT04276987 [176]	Evaluation of safety and efficiency of method of exosome inhalation in SARS-CoV-2 associated pneumonia
Allogenic AD-MSCs-EXOs	Alzheimer disease	Phase 1 Phase 2	9	Inhalation (Nasal drip)	NCT04388982 [177]	the Safety and the Efficacy Evaluation of Allogenic Adipose MSC-Exos in Patients with Alzheimer's disease
UC-MSCs-EXOs	Macular holes (MHs)	Early Phase 1	44	Intravitreal injection	NCT03437759 [178]	Promoting healing of large and refractory macular holes (MHs)
Dermama-MSCs-EXOs	COVID-19	Phase 2 Phase 3	60	Intravenous route	NCT05216562	Efficacy and safety of EXOSOME-MSC (mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes) therapy to reduce hyper-inflammation in moderate COVID-19
WJ-MSCs-EXOs	Retinitis Pigmentosa	Phase 2 Phase 3	135	Subtenon injection	NCT05413148 [179]	The effect of stem cells and stem cell exosomes on visual functions in patients with retinitis pigmentosa
UC-MSCs-EXOs	Diabetes Mellitus Type 1	Phase 2 Phase 3	20	Intravenous	NCT02138331 [180]	Effect of microvesicles and exosomes therapy on β-cell Mass in Type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM)