Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristics | Retrograde (n=66,393) | Antegrade (n=6,070) | P Value* |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Demographics | |||
| Age (years) | <0.001 | ||
| <60 | 15,530 (23.4%) | 1,275 (21.0%) | <0.001 |
| 60–69 | 20,760 (31.3%) | 1,657 (27.3%) | |
| 70–79 | 18,011 (27.1%) | 1,746 (28.8%) | |
| ≥80 | 12,102 (18.2%) | 1,392 (22.9%) | |
| Female Sex | 26,641 (40.1%) | 2,012 (33.2%) | <0.001 |
| White | 50,032 (75.4%) | 4,541 (74.8%) | 0.343 |
| Ambulatory | 54,563 (82.2%) | 4,537 (74.7%) | <0.001 |
| Medicare/Medicaid | 38,808 (58.5%) | 3,801 (62.6%) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Obese | 23,639 (35.6%) | 1,910 (31.5%) | <0.001 |
| Current Smoker | 21,903 (33.0%) | 1,651 (27.2%) | <0.001 |
| Coronary Artery Disease | 20,830 (31.4%) | 1,810 (29.8%) | 0.012 |
| Prior CABG or PCI | 22,332 (33.6%) | 1,982 (32.7%) | 0.122 |
| Prior CEA or CAS | 2,104 (3.2%) | 190 (3.1%) | 0.909 |
| Hypertension | 58,484 (88.1%) | 5,289 (87.1%) | 0.030 |
| Diabetes | 37,179 (56.0%) | 3,460 (57.0%) | 0.134 |
| Congestive Heart Failure | 13,046 (19.7%) | 1,271 (20.9%) | 0.017 |
| COPD | 15,506 (23.4%) | 1,342 (22.1%) | 0.028 |
| Dialysis | 6,721 (10.1%) | 776 (12.8%) | <0.001 |
| Preoperative Medications | |||
| ACE Inhibitor | 32,464 (48.9%) | 2,763 (45.5%) | <0.001 |
| Aspirin | 46,892 (70.8%) | 4,171 (68.7%) | 0.001 |
| Anticoagulant | 860 (1.3%) | 105 (1.7%) | 0.006 |
| P2Y12 Inhibitor | 27,988 (42.2%) | 2,571 (42.4%) | 0.765 |
| Statin | 45,798 (69.0%) | 4,056 (66.8%) | 0.001 |
Values as n (%). ACE = angiotensin converting enzyme; CABG = coronary artery bypass graft; CAS = carotid artery stent; CEA = carotid endarterectomy, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention.
*
Calculated using a X2 test for categorical variables and a Student’s t-test for continuous variables.