Table 2.
Univariate analysis (unadjusted odds ratio) of factors associated with substance use.
| Alcohol use (AUDIT score ≥8) n = 286† OR (95% CI) | Cannabis n = 301 OR (95% CI) | Khat n = 301 OR (95% CI) | Polysubstance use (≥2) n = 301 OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean | ||||
| 14–19 | 0.72 (0.28, 1.85) | 1.69 (0.81, 3.51) | 1.55 (0.74, 3.24) | 1.01 (0.47, 2.19) |
| 20–24 | 1.62 (0.68, 3.85) | 2.03 (1.10, 3.73)* | 2.22 (1.20, 4.12)* | 2.67 (1.28, 5.53)** |
| 25–29 | 1.47 (0.56, 3.87) | 1.53 (0.78, 3.02) | 2.27 (1.14, 4.52)* | 1.70 (0.78, 3.69) |
| 30+ | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Duration in Kibera | ||||
| <5 yrs | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 5–10 yrs | 0.75 (0.26, 2.23) | 1.01 (0.50, 2.06) | 0.82 (0.41, 1.67) | 1.27 (0.57, 2.83) |
| 11+ yrs | 0.72 (0.25, 2.03) | 1.46 (0.74, 2.90) | 1.10 (0.56, 2.14) | 1.41 (0.65, 3.04) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 0.76 (0.37, 1.56) | 1.62 (1.00, 2.65) | 1.61 (0.99, 2.62) | 2.03 (1.16, 3.54)* |
| Widowed | 1.00 (0.20, 4.91) | 1.86 (0.61, 5.73) | 3.51 (1.14, 10.81)* | 3.17 (0.68, 14.74) |
| Divorced/Separated | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Education | ||||
| Primary or below | 1.02 (0.52, 1.98) | 0.79 (0.50, 1.26) | 0.82 (0.52, 1.29) | 0.88 (0.51, 1.51) |
| Secondary or higher | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Single-parent home | ||||
| Yes | 2.15 (0.81, 5.74) | 2.01 (1.07, 3.76)* | 3.40 (1.85, 6.24)*** | 2.63 (1.14, 6.08)* |
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Monthly income from sex work (USD) | ||||
| <50.00 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 50.00–149.99 | 4.11 (1.76, 9.60)** | 2.41 (1.14, 5.09)* | 1.25 (0.59, 2.62) | 1.26 (0.57, 2.81) |
| 150.00–250.00 | 7.15 (2.52, 20.27)*** | 3.49 (1.55, 7.85)** | 1.76 (0.80, 3.89) | 2.29 (0.92, 5.71) |
| >250.00 | 5.85 (1.47, 23.30)* | 3.67 (1.31, 10.26)* | 1.80 (0.67, 4.79) | 2.20 (0.67, 7.26) |
| Duration of sex work | ||||
| <2 yrs | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 2–4 yrs | 1.08 (0.33, 3.49) | 2.36 (1.06, 5.25)* | 1.32 (0.59, 2.95) | 1.43 (0.60, 3.42) |
| 5–9 yrs | 0.86 (0.26, 2.83) | 2.30 (1.00, 5.25)* | 1.39 (0.61, 3.17) | 1.87 (0.74, 4.73) |
| 10+ yrs | 0.83 (0.18, 3.76) | 1.66 (0.57, 4.85) | 1.63 (0.56, 4.75) | 1.10 (0.34, 3.56) |
| Location of sex work | ||||
| Brothel | 1.59 (0.20, 12.89) | 1.47 (0.37, 5.81) | 4.76 (0.99, 22.82) | 1.17 (0.24, 5.65) |
| Lodging | 1.96 (0.20, 19.30) | 1.61 (0.22, 11.56) | 2.71 (0.28, 26.37) | - |
| Massage parlor | 2.34 (0.30, 18.36) | 0.82 (0.28, 2.44) | 0.62 (0.20, 1.89) | 0.72 (0.22, 2.36) |
| Vehicle | 2.50 (1.10, 5.67)* | 2.69 (1.29, 5.54)** | 2.00 (0.75, 5.37) | |
| Client house | 2.67 (1.31, 5.46)** | 1.75 (1.09, 2.82)* | 1.28 (0.81, 2.01) | 1.68 (0.96, 2.94) |
| Own house | 2.18 (0.74, 6.42) | 1.26 (0.66, 2.38) | 1.06 (0.58, 1.95) | 1.20 (0.56, 2.55) |
| Disclosure of sex work | ||||
| Yes | 6.21 (2.90, 13.30)*** | 1.73 (0.90, 3.33) | 1.37 (0.71, 2.66) | 1.26 (0.60, 2.66) |
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Condom use with clients | ||||
| Yes | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Sometimes/No | 1.43 (0.68, 2.98) | 1.19 (0.72, 1.96) | 1.14 (0.70, 1.86) | 0.95 (0.53, 1.70) |
***
p < .001;
**
p < .01;
*
p < .05
†
Fifteen respondents did not provide AUDIT tool response. Fourteen of them had reported to have never taken alcohol in their lifetime while one though stated that they had taken alcohol in the last 3 months, failed to respond to AUDIT tool section.