Table 2.
LV and LA parameters and on CMR patients: control subjects versus HCM; without adverse clinical events versus with combined outcome
| Parameters | Control subjects (n = 89) | HCM population (n = 99) | p value | HCM patient without adverse clinical events (n = 81) | HCM patient with adverse clinical events (n = 18) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LV parameters | ||||||
| Maximal LV thickness, mm | – | 20.69 (18.67, 24.47) | – | 20.53 (18.27, 24.06) | 22.47 ± 4.41 | 0.611 |
| LV EDVI, mL/m2 | 70.70 ± 10.61 | 77.77 (69.30, 87.04) | < 0.001*** | 78.67 (68.75, 88.35) | 74.03 (68.95, 84.95) | 0.717 |
| LV ESVI, mL/m2 | 26.54 ± 5.72 | 30.23 (25.68, 38.08) | < 0.001*** | 29.73 (25.66, 36.77) | 34.59 (25.75, 45.93) | 0.292 |
| LV EF, % | 62.44 ± 6.05 | 59.88 (52.95, 65.74) | 0.008** | 60.55 (53.28, 65.79) | 53.51 ± 13.26 | 0.147 |
| LV SV, ml | 84.06 ± 17.13 | 86.14 (72.85, 100.20) | 0.310 | 87.92 (74.48, 105.69) | 77.44 ± 20.81 | 0.030** |
| LV CO, L/min | 5.57 (5.06, 6.62) | 5.47 (4.47, 6.64) | 0.337 | 5.69 (4.65, 6.81) | 4.64 ± 1.24 | 0.005** |
| LV M, g | 97.94 ± 19.22 | 165.25 (125.22,222.86) | < 0.001*** | 161.79 (126.41, 220.79) | 187.18 ± 78.45 | 0.877 |
| LA volume and function | ||||||
| LA diameter, mm | 39.82 ± 4.63 | 49.77 ± 6.87 | < 0.001*** | 49.34 ± 6.47 | 52.01 ± 8.41 | 0.218 |
| LAV max, ml | 77.02 ± 19.62 | 98.99 ± 27.35 | < 0.001*** | 95.69 ± 26.85 | 113.84 ± 25.19 | 0.010* |
| LAV pre-ac, ml | 55.71 ± 14.91 | 81.18 ± 25.87 | < 0.001*** | 76.87 ± 24.59 | 92.05 (84.60, 112.41) | < 0.001*** |
| LAV min, ml | 33.23 ± 10.53 | 55.86 ± 21.71 | < 0.001*** | 51.62 ± 19.33 | 74.90 ± 22.14 | < 0.001*** |
| Total LAEF, % | 57.16 ± 5.89 | 45.61 (39.06, 51.80) | < 0.001*** | 46.99 ± 9.41 | 34.67 ± 9.29 | < 0.001*** |
| Passive LAEF, % | 27.15 ± 5.84 | 18.50 ± 8.23 | < 0.001*** | 20.07 ± 7.86 | 11.45 ± 5.94 | < 0.001*** |
| Active LAEF, % | 40.94 ± 5.38 | 34.34 (27.31, 38.29) | < 0.001*** | 34.97 (29.08, 39.07) | 26.17 ± 8.48 | < 0.001*** |
| LA strain | ||||||
| GLS reservoir, % | 32.10 (27.06, 37.42) | 21.68 ± 7.19 | < 0.001*** | 23.129 ± 6.84 | 15.19 ± 4.83 | < 0.001*** |
| GLS conduit, % | 16.00 ± 4.35 | 8.95 (6.86, 12.84) | < 0.001*** | 10.16 (7.32, 14.12) | 6.04 ± 2.57 | < 0.001*** |
| GLS booster, % | 16.26 ± 3.20 | 11.57 ± 3.90 | < 0.001*** | 12.11 ± 3.81 | 9.15 ± 3.43 | 0.003** |
| GCS, % | 34.57 ± 8.47 | 24.83 ± 10.13 | < 0.001*** | 26.67 ± 9.49 | 16.55 ± 8.90 | < 0.001*** |
| LA strain rate | ||||||
| SR reservoir, s−1 | 1.12 ± 0.24 | 0.79 ± 0.25 | < 0.001*** | 0.83 ± 0.24 | 0.61 ± 0.21 | 0.001*** |
| SR conduit, s−1 | − 0.978 (− 1.28, − 0.81) | − 0.59 (− 0.81, − 0.44) | < 0.001*** | − 0.64 (− 0.85, − 0.50) | − 0.44 ± 0.20 | < 0.001*** |
| SR booster, s−1 | − 1.51 ± 0.33 | − 1.00 ± 0.34 | < 0.001*** | − 1.06 ± 0.32 | − 0.72 ± 0.27 | < 0.001*** |
Data were expressed as number (percentage), mean ± standard deviation, or median [interquartile range]
LV, left ventricular; EDVI, end-diastolic volume index; ESVI, end-systolic volume index; EF, ejection fraction; SV, stroke volume; CO, cardiac output; M, myocardial mass; LA, left atrium; LAV, left atrial volume; LAEF, left atrial ejection fraction; GLS, global longitudinal strain; GCS, global circumferential strain; SR, strain rate
“*”, “**”, and “***” reflect that the difference between groups is statistically significant
“*” represents p < 0.05; “**” represents p < 0.01; “***” represents p < 0.001