Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients in the internal cohort
| Variable | |
|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 60.79 ± 11.57 |
| Sex, n (%) | |
| female | 114(34.13) |
| male | 220(65.87) |
| BMI(kg/m2) | 22.73 ± 3.36 |
| Drinking, n (%) | |
| No | 220(65.87) |
| Yes | 114(34.13) |
| Smoking, n (%) | |
| No | 239(71.56) |
| Yes | 95(28.44) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Liver disease, n (%) | |
| No | 35(10.48) |
| Cirrhosis | 149(44.61) |
| Hepatic carcinoma | 150(44.91) |
| Extrahepatic disease, n (%) | |
| No | 232(69.46) |
| Extrahepatic malignant carcinoma | 67(20.06) |
| Acute abdominal infection | 24(7.19) |
| Others | 11(3.29) |
| Current gastrointestinal bleeding, n (%) | |
| NO | 267(79.94) |
| YES | 67(20.06) |
| History of gastrointestinal bleeding, n (%) | |
| NO | 258(77.25) |
| YES | 76(22.75) |
| History of abdominal infection, n (%) | |
| NO | 164(49.10) |
| YES | 170(50.90) |
| History of anticoagulants, n (%) | |
| NO | 304(91.02) |
| YES | 30(8.98) |
| History of hepatic encephalopathy, n (%) | |
| NO | 326(97.60) |
| YES | 8(2.40) |
| History of abdominal infection, n (%) | |
| NO | 154(46.11) |
| YES | 180(53.89) |
| History of blood transfusion, n (%) | |
| NO | 250(74.85) |
| YES | 84(25.15) |
| History of anti-hypertensive drugs, n (%) | |
| NO | 251(75.15) |
| YES | 13(3.89) |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | |
| NO | 316(94.61) |
| YES | 18(5.39) |
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | |
| NO | 309(92.51) |
| YES | 25(7.49) |
| Cerebral infarction, n (%) | |
| NO | 305(91.32) |
| YES | 29(8.68) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | |
| NO | 240(71.86) |
| YES | 94(28.14) |
| The site of thrombus involvement | |
| Main portal vein, n (%) | |
| NO | 86(25.75) |
| YES | 248(74.25) |
| Portal branch, n (%) | |
| NO | 126(37.72) |
| YES | 208(62.28) |
| Mesenteric vein, n (%) | |
| NO | 252(75.45) |
| YES | 82(24.55) |
| Splenic vein, n (%) | |
| NO | 283(84.73) |
| YES | 51(15.27) |
| Others, n (%) | |
| NO | 299(89.52) |
| YES | 35(10.48) |
| Esophageal varices, n (%) | |
| NO | 133(39.82) |
| YES | 201(60.18) |
| Degree of esophageal varices, n (%) | |
| mild | 24(7.19) |
| moderate | 74(22.16) |
| severe | 103(30.84) |
| Red color sign, n (%) | |
| NO | 274(82.04) |
| YES | 60(17.96) |
| History of endoscopic operation, n (%) | |
| NO | 283(84.73) |
| YES | 51(15.27) |
| Ascites, n (%) | |
| NO | 161(48.20) |
| YES | 173(51.80) |
| Splenomegaly, n (%) | |
| NO | 153(45.81) |
| YES | 181(54.19) |
| CTP classification, n (%) | |
| Level A | 172(51.50) |
| Level B | 135(40.42) |
| Level C | 27(8.08) |
| Laboratory findings | |
| PT(s), n (%) | |
| ≤ 12.1 | 43(12.87) |
| > 12.1 | 291(87.13) |
| INR, n (%) | |
| 0.8–1.5 | 308(92.22) |
| > 1.5 | 26(7.78) |
| D-dimer(mg/L), n (%) | |
| ≤ 0.55 | 25(7.49) |
| > 0.55 | 309(92.51) |
| WBC(× 109/L), n (%) | |
| 3.5–9.5 | 191(57.19) |
| < 3.5 | 85(25.45) |
| > 9.5 | 58(17.37) |
| NEUT(× 109/L), n (%) | |
| 1.8–6.3 | 125(37.43) |
| < 1.8 | 176(52.69) |
| > 6.3 | 33(9.88) |
| LYMPH(× 109/L), n (%) | |
| 1.1–3.2 | 115(34.43) |
| < 1.1 | 215(64.37) |
| > 3.2 | 4(1.20) |
| RBC(× 1012/L), n (%) | |
| < 3.8 | 176(52.69) |
| ≥ 3.8 | 158(47.31) |
| HB(g/L), n (%) | |
| < 115 | 194(58.08) |
| ≥ 115 | 140(41.92) |
| HCT(%), n (%) | |
| < 35 | 195(58.38) |
| ≥ 35 | 139(41.62) |
| PLT(× 109/L), n (%) | |
| < 125 | 155(46.41) |
| ≥ 125 | 179(53.59) |
| CRP(mg/L), n (%) | |
| ≤ 5 | 88(26.35) |
| > 5 | 246(73.65) |
| ALB(g/L), n (%) | |
| < 40 | 262(78.44) |
| ≥ 40 | 72(21.56) |
| ALT(U/L), n (%) | |
| ≤ 40 | 226(67.66) |
| > 40 | 108(32.34) |
| AST(U/L), n (%) | |
| ≤ 35 | 146(43.71) |
| > 35 | 188(56.29) |
| TBIL(μmol/L), n (%) | |
| ≤ 21 | 183(54.79) |
| > 21 | 151(45.21) |
| DBIL(μmol/L), n (%) | |
| ≤ 10.2 | 167(50.00) |
| > 10.2 | 167(50.00) |
| GGT(U/L), n (%) | |
| ≤ 45 | 111(33.23) |
| > 45 | 223(66.77) |
| ALP(U/L), n (%) | |
| ≤ 100 | 151(45.21) |
| > 100 | 183(54.79) |
| LDH(U/L), n (%) | |
| ≤ 250 | 187(55.99) |
| > 250 | 147(44.01) |
| SCR(μmol/L), n (%) | |
| ≤ 92 | 277(82.93) |
| > 92 | 57(17.07) |
| BUN(ng/mL), n (%) | |
| ≤ 6.1 | 220(65.87) |
| > 6.1 | 114(34.13) |
| UA(μmol/L), n (%) | |
| ≤ 369 | 258(77.25) |
| > 369 | 76(22.75) |
| TC(mmol/L), n (%) | |
| ≤ 6.22 | 328(98.20) |
| > 6.22 | 6(1.80) |
| TG(mmol/L), n (%) | |
| ≤ 2.26 | 302(90.42) |
| > 2.26 | 32(9.58) |
| HDL(mmol/L), n (%) | |
| < 1.15 | 236(70.66) |
| ≥ 1.15 | 98(29.34) |
| LDL(mmol/L), n (%) | |
| ≤ 4.14 | 184(55.09) |
| > 4.14 | 150(44.91) |
| K(mmol/L), n (%) | |
| 3.5–5.1 | 258(77.25) |
| < 3.5 | 68(20.36) |
| > 5.1 | 8(2.40) |
| Na(mmol/L), n (%) | |
| 137–145 | 214(64.07) |
| < 137 | 109(32.63) |
| > 145 | 11(3.29) |
| AFP(mmol/L), n (%) | |
| ≤ 7 | 230(68.86) |
| > 7 | 104(31.14) |
| Treatment and symptoms after diagnosis of PVT | |
| Hepatic encephalopathy, n (%) | |
| NO | 309(92.51) |
| YES | 25(7.49) |
| Endoscope ligation, n (%) | |
| NO | 323(96.71) |
| YES | 11(3.29) |
| Splenectomy, n (%) | |
| NO | 305(91.32) |
| YES | 29(8.68) |
| Abdominal infection, n (%) | |
| NO | 302(90.42) |
| YES | 32(9.58) |
| Blood transfusion, n (%) | |
| NO | 266(79.64) |
| YES | 68(20.36) |
| Abdominal surgery, n (%) | |
| NO | 259(77.54) |
| YES | 75(22.46) |
| Thrombolytic therapy, n (%) | |
| NO | 249(74.55) |
| anticoagulants | 57(17.07) |
| anticoagulants | 28(8.38) |
| The drugs of thrombolytic therapy, n (%) | |
| Anticoagulant drugs | |
| low molecular weight heparin | 32(37.65) |
| warfarin | 18(21.18) |
| rivaroxaban | 7(8.24) |
| Antiplatelet drugs | |
| aspirin | 26(30.59) |
| clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate | 2(2.34) |
BMI Body mass index, PT Prothrombin time, INR International normalized ratio, WBC White blood cell, RBC Red blood cell, HB Hemoglobin, PLT Platelet count, CRP C-reactive protein, ALB Albumin, ALT Alanine aminotransferase, AST Aspartate aminotransferase, TBIL Total bilirubin, DBIL Direct bilirubin, GGT Gamma-glutamyltransferase, SCr Serum creatinine, LDH Lactate dehydrogenase, TG Triglyceride, HDL High-density lipoprotein, LDL Low-density lipoprotein, K Kalium, AFP Alpha-fetoprotein