TABLE 2.
Measurement Data From Published Studies of Electromagnetic Treatments of the Abdomen
| # | Study (Year) | No. | Imaging | Baseline Fat Thickness, Mean (SD), mm | 1–3 mo, Mean (SD), mm | Diff., mm | Baseline Muscle Thickness, Mean (SD),* mm | 1–3 mo, Mean (SD), mm | Diff., mm | Baseline Diastasis, Mean (SD), mm | 1–3 mo, Mean (SD), mm | Diff., mm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kinney and Lozanova (2019) | 22 | MRI | 23.6 (8.2) |
19.3 (7.6) |
−4.3 | 11.1 (3.1) |
12.7 (3.3) |
+1.6 | 16.6 (7.2) |
14.9 (6.7) |
−1.7 |
| 2 | Katz et al (2019) | 21 | US | 23.72 (8.9) |
18.25 (N.A.) |
−5.47 | ||||||
| 22.96 (9.9) |
15.42 (N.A.) |
−7.54 | ||||||||||
| 3 | Kent and Jacob (2019) | 22 | CT | 18.3 (7.1) |
15.2 (6.5) |
−3.1 | 11.0 (2.1) |
12.5 (2.0) |
+1.5 | 20.1 (9.2) |
18.1 (8.8) |
−2.0 |
| 4 | Kinney and Kent (2020) | 21 | CT | N.A. | N.A. | −3.67 | N.A. | N.A. | +1.89 | N.A. | N.A. | −1.83 |
| 5 | Jacob and Rank (2020) | 10 | MRI | N.A. | N.A. | −2.5 | 9.3 | 11.3 | +2.0 | 22.3 (8.1) |
17.8 (7.2) |
−4.5 |
| 10.0 | 12.2 | +2.2 | 11.6 (4.6) |
8.9 (3.7) |
−2.7 | |||||||
| 6 | Jacob et al (2021) | 40 | MRI | 28.6 (11.8) |
19.9 (8.1) |
−8.7 | 9.2 (2.3) |
11.6 (3.0) |
+2.4 | 16.6 (6.3) |
12.9 (4.9) |
−3.7 |
| 24.2 (11.7) |
16.4 (8.5) |
−7.8 | 8.7 (2.3) |
11.1 (2.7) |
+2.4 | 21.4 (6.3) |
17.4 (5.2) |
−4.0 | ||||
| 7 | Leone et al (2021) | 15 | US | 12 (4) |
11 (4) |
−1.0 | 9.0 (2.0) |
11.0 (1.0) |
+2.0 | 25.0 (4.0) |
22.0 (4.0) |
−3.0 |
| 10.0 (2.0) |
13.0 (2.0) |
+3.0 | ||||||||||
| 8 | Samuels et al (2022) | 40 | US | 26.0 (12) |
19.5 (9.5) |
−6.5 | 9.4 (2.4) |
11.7 (2.5) |
+2.3 | |||
| All studies (2019–2022) | 191 | US, MRI, CT | 22.4 | 16.9 | −5.5 | 9.74 | 11.90 | +2.16 | 19.94 | 17.06 | −2.9 |
*Some studies included measurements above and below the umbilicus.
CT, computed tomography; diff., difference; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; N.A., not available; US, ultrasound.