Table 1.
Characteristics of Study Sample with Normal Weight Births 1995-2003 (N=24141 mothers and babies; 13037 normal weight births) .a
| Characteristic | study sample |
|---|---|
| Maternal Age at Screen in Years, mean(sd) | 28.8 (6.1) |
| Parity,b n(%) | |
| 0 | 5446 (41.9) |
| 1 | 4381 (33.6) |
| 2 | 2057 (15.8) |
| ≥3 | 1112 (8.5) |
| Maternal Weight Gain in Kilograms,b n(%) | |
| −1.8 – 10.9 | 2787 (26.4) |
| 11.0 – 14.1 | 2862 (27.2) |
| 14.2 – 18.1 | 2808 (26.6) |
| ≥18.2 (>40 pounds) | 2082 (19.8) |
| Maternal Weight Gain in Kilograms,b mean (sd) | 14.4 (6.0) |
| Maternal Ethnicity,b n(%) | |
| Caucasian | 6699 (51.4) |
| Hawaiian | 2039 (15.6) |
| Filipino | 1130 (8.7) |
| Japanese | 637 (4.9) |
| Other Pacific Islander | 765 (5.9) |
| Chinese | 323 (2.5) |
| Hispanic | 499 (3.8) |
| African American | 414 (3.2) |
| Samoan | 159 (1.2) |
| Korean | 99 (0.8) |
| Puerto Rican | 50 (0.4) |
| Vietnamese | 46 (0.4) |
| Native American | 91 (0.7) |
| Other | 65 (0.5) |
| Hispanic, n(%) | 499 (3.8) |
| Baby Birth Weight in Grams, mean(sd) | 3369.7 (360.6) |
| Baby Gender, n(%) | |
| Male | 6431 (49.3) |
| Female | 6606 (50.7) |
| Maternal Glucose,b, c n(%) | |
| Normal GCT | 10646 (82.2) |
| + GCT, no GDM | 1600 (12.3) |
| GDM | 707 (5.5) |
| Maternal Glucose Challenge Test in mmol/L [mg/dl], mean(sd) | 6.4 (1.6) [115.5 (28.4)] |
N=24,141 individuals as 1933 mothers had more than 1 baby during study period
sum of categories less than total due to missing data: parity (n=41), maternal weight gain due to no electronic medical record in HI prior to 2004 (n=2498), ethnicity (n=21), incomplete OGTT with positive GCT (n=84)
Women were universally screened for gestational diabetes (GDM) with a 50g 1- hour non-fasting glucose challenge test (GCT), and if GCT was positive (+), a 100g 3- hour fasting oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to diagnose GDM. GDM is defined by C&C criteria (2 or more of 4 possible glucose concentrations measured with the 100g OGTT are positive: Fasting ≥95 mg/dl [5.3 mmol/l]; 1hr ≥180 mg/dl [10 mmol/l]; 2hr ≥155 mg/dl [8.6 mmol/l]; 3hr ≥140 mg/dl [7.8 mmol/l]) (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists 2013).