Concentrations of spot urinary flavonoid metabolites categorized by sex.
| Urinary metabolites nmol g−1 creatinine) | All (n = 267) | Men (n = 153) | Women (n = 114) | p-Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flavanol | ||||
| 3′-ME-EC | 1.2 (1.1) | 1.0 (0.6) | 1.5 (1.5) | <0.001 |
| Flavanones | ||||
| Naringenin 4′-GlcUA | 18.0 (38.3) | 13.5 (34.5) | 24.0 (42.2) | 0.027 |
| Naringenin 7′-GlcUA | 11.0 (25.9) | 7.9 (22.8) | 15.2 (29.2) | 0.022 |
| Hesperetin 3′-GlcUA | 19.3 (38.2) | 13.7 (25.1) | 26.7 (49.8) | 0.006 |
| Flavonols | ||||
| Kaempferol-3-GlcUA | 0.1 (0.2) | 0.1 (0.2) | 0.2 (0.3) | 0.051 |
| Myricetin | 5.2 (9.2) | 3.7 (3.6) | 7.3 (13.2) | 0.001 |
| Isorhamnetin | 0.5 (0.4) | 0.4 (0.3) | 0.7 (0.5) | <0.001 |
a
p for differences between sexes. Abbreviations: 3′-ME-EC, 3′-methoxy-(−)-epicatechin.