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. 2023 Jan 10;8(1):e158183. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.158183

Figure 8. β-Glucan and TMAO induced trained immunity in HAECs.

Figure 8

(A) TMAO (EC PCR array) upregulated 6 trained immunity–related genes. (B) Dectin-1/CLEC7A expression in 61 CKD kidneys (microarray data). FC = 5.48, P = 0.004. (C) Trained immunity experimental design. HAECs were primed with β-glucan (10 μg/mL) for 24 hours, rested for 3 days, and restimulated with TMAO (600 μM). Real-time PCR was used to detect TNF-α expression. (D and F) TMAO increased ICAM-1 expression (F) and TNF-α expression (D) after priming with β-glucan. (E) PERK inhibitor reduced TNF-α expression (n = 3); each experiment was repeated 3 times. Data are represented as the mean ± SEM. (t test; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01).