Table 2.
Potential approaches and therapeutic effect of targeting Th17 cells for IBD.
| Mechanism | Target | Drug or method | Experimental model or clinical trial status | Effective | Ref | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regulate gut flora | Traditional Chinese medicine therapy | Natural Herbal Remedy Wumei decoction | DSS-induced UC (mice) | YES | (81) | |
| Gegen Qinlian decoction | DSS-induced UC (mice) | YES | (82) | |||
| Qing Re Zao Shi Liang Xue receipt | TNBS-induced UC (mice) | YES | (83) | |||
| Acupuncture | 48-week, randomized, sham controlled, parallel-group clinical trial | YES | (84) | |||
| Plant extract | Aucuboside | TNBS-induced UC (mice) | YES | (85) | ||
| PePs | DSS-induced UC (mice) | YES | (86) | |||
| Stigmasterol | DSS-induced UC (mice) | YES | (87) | |||
| Parthenolide | DSS-induced UC (mice) | YES | (88) | |||
| Paeoniflorin | DSS-induced UC (mice) | YES | (88) | |||
| Curcumin | DSS-induced UC (mice) | YES | (88) | |||
| FMT | Phase II | YES | (89, 90) | |||
| Probiotics | Engineered Lactococcus lactis | DSS-induced UC (mice) | YES | (91) | ||
| Porphyromonas gingivalis | DSS-induced UC (mice) | YES | (92) | |||
| Ruminococcaceae | DSS-induced UC (mice) | YES | (93) | |||
| Lactobacillus paracasei R3 | DSS-induced UC (mice) | YES | (94) | |||
| Roseburia intestinalis | DSS-induced UC | YES | (95) | |||
| Lactobacillus GG | A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study | YES | (96) | |||
| Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 | An open-label pilot study | YES | (97) | |||
| Bifidobacteria | A randomized placebo-controlled trial | YES | (98) | |||
| Saccharomyces boulardii | Phase II | YES | (99) | |||
| GUT-103 | T-cell-transfer IBD (mice) | YES | (100) | |||
| GUT-108 | T-cell-transfer IBD (mice) | YES | (100) | |||
| Metabolites of gut microbe | Vitamin D A randomized controlled clinical trial |
YES | (101) | |||
| Butyrate | DSS-induced UC (mice) | YES | (102) | |||
| Diet control | Edible bird’s nest | TNBS-induced UC (rat) | YES | (103) | ||
| Ketogenic diets | YES | (104) | ||||
| Mediterranean diets | YES | (105) | ||||
| Inhibition of Th17 migration | S1P | Fingolimod | DSS-induced UC and TNBS-induced CD (mice) | YES | (106) | |
| S1PR | Ozanimod | FDA and EMA approved | YES | (106) | ||
| Etrasimod | Phase II | YES | (107) | |||
| Fingolimod | Phase II | YES | (108) | |||
| KRP-203 | A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study | YES | (109) | |||
| α4β7 integrin | Vedolizumab | FDA approved | YES | (110) | ||
| Etrolizumab | Phase II | YES | (111) | |||
| Abrilumab | Phase II | YES | (112) | |||
| Natalizumab | Phase III | YES | (113) | |||
| Ozanimod | Phase II/III | YES | (106) | |||
| Fingolimod | DSS induced UC (mice) | YES | (111) | |||
| AJM300 | A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study | YES | (114) | |||
| MAdCAM-1 CCL20 |
PF-00547659 | Phase II | YES | (115) | ||
| Anti-MIP-3alpha | TNBS-induced colitis model (BALB/c mice) | YES | (116) | |||
| Mongersen anti-sense oligonucleotide to Smad7 (GED0301) | TNBS-induced IBD (mice) | YES | (6) | |||
| Inhibition of extracellular signal | IL-21R | IL-21R/Fc | DSS-induced UC (mice) | YES | (117) | |
| IL-6 | Olamkicept (sgp130Fc) | Phase II | YES | (118) | ||
| PF04236921 | Phase II | YES | (119) | |||
| Il-6R | Tocilizumab (MRA) | Phase II | YES | (120) | ||
| IL-23R | PTG-200 | Phase II/I | YES | (121) | ||
| IL-12/23 p40 | Ustekinumab | FDA approved | YES | (122) | ||
| Briakinumab | Have stopped production | YES | (123) | |||
| IL-23p19 | Risankizumab | Phase III/II | YES | (124) | ||
| Brazikumab | Phase III/II | YES | (125) | |||
| Guselkumab | Phase III/II | YES | (126) | |||
| Mirikizumab | Phase III/II | YES | (127) | |||
| Tildrakizumab | Phase III/II | YES | (126) | |||
| Inhibition of nuclear transcription | RORγt | GSK805 | Citrobacter rodentium (mice) | YES | (128) | |
| TAK-828F | T-cell-transfer IBD (mice) | YES | (129) | |||
| VPR-254 | DSS, TNBS and anti-CD40 antibody-induced murine models of colitis (mice) | YES | (130) | |||
| STAT3 | Grim19 | DSS-induced colitis mouse model | YES | (131) | ||
| C188-9 | DSS-induced UC and TNBS-induced CD (mice) | YES | (132) | |||
| Inhibition of effector cytokine | IL-17R | Brodalumab | Phase II | NO | (133) | |
| IL-17A | Secukinumab | A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial | NO | (134) | ||
| Ixekizumab | Phase III | NO | (135) | |||
| IL-17A/IL-17F | Vidofludimus | Phase I | YES | (136) |