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. 2023 Jan 9;9:1072056. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1072056

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Copyright © 2023 Dissook, Umsumarng, Mapoung, Semmarath, Arjsri, Srisawad and Dejkriengkraikul.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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PFEA and luteolin inactivated the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway in Spike-S1-exposed A549 cells. A549 lung cells were pre-treated with the PFEA at concentration of 0–50 μg/mL or luteolin at concentration of 0–10 μg/mL for 24 h, and then exposed to Spike S1 for 3 h. The inhibitory effects of PFEA (A) and luteolin (B) on the phosphorylation of the JAK1, and STAT3 proteins in A549 cells were displayed in western blot and band density measurements. The Spike S1-exposed A549 cells are presented as 100% of the control. Data are presented as mean ± S.D. values of three independent experiments, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 vs. the Spike S1-exposed A549 cells.