Table 1.
Demographic, drinking, and liver indicators of study participants by group
| Variables | HC (n = 18) | Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease (ALD) |
P Valuea | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonsevere ALD (n = 21) |
||||||
| AUD (n = 8) |
Moderate AH (n = 13) |
Severe AH (n = 25) |
Total Patients (n = 46) |
|||
| Age, yr | 36 (24–60) | 51 (39–67) | 50 (34–65) | 47 (27–66) | 49 (27–67) | |
| T. Bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) | 1.5 (0.8–2.6) | 4.2 (1.2–18.2) | 12.9 (3.7–34.2) | 6.7 (0.8–34.2) | <0.001 |
| Male (Female) | 12 (6) | 4 (4) | 7 (6) | 20 (5) | 31 (15) | |
| INR | N/A | 1.2 (1.1–1.7) | 1.5 (1.2–2.8) | 2.0 (1.0–3.2) | 1.7 (1.0–3.2) | |
| BMI | N/A | 31.1 (27.8–33.4) | 25.9 (20.6–41.1) | 29.7 (22.4–50.5) | 29.7 (20.6–50.5) | |
| AST, U/L | 27 (19–66) | 59 (21–120) | 119 (53–347) | 88 (16–190) | 90 (16–347) | <0.001 |
| ALT, U/L | 25 (16–109) | 36.8 (14.0–60.0) | 48 (18–194) | 35 (16–66) | 39 (14–194) | 0.015 |
| Alkaline phosphatase, IU/L | 52 (37–62) | 124 (89–232) | 173 (80–518) | 144 (71–336) | 148 (71–518) | <0.001 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 4.2 (3.8–4.3) | 3.9 (2.6–4.9) | 2.8 (1.9–4.5) | 2.4 (1.4–4.3) | 2.7 (1.4–4.9) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.88 (0.69–1.07) | 0.69 (0.36–1.40) | 0.68 (0.32–1.30) | 0.89 (0.39–5.68) | 0.79 (0.32–5.68) | 0.082 |
| MELD scores | N/A | 9.2 (6.0–11.0) | 16 (12–19) | 24 (20–39) | 18 (6–39) | |
Values are presented as mean with ranges. AH, alcohol-associated hepatitis; ALD, alcohol-associated liver disease; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; AUD, alcohol use disorder; AUDIT, alcohol use disorders identification test; BMI, body mass index; HC, healthy controls; INR, international normalized ratio; MDF, Maddrey’s discriminant function; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease. Patients with non-severe ALD were made up of patients with AUD having some abnormality in liver testing, as well as AUD patients with liver disease advanced enough to meet criteria of moderate AH (12 < MELD < 20). Severe AH had a MELD > 20. aMann–Whitney U test between healthy controls and patients with ALD/AH.