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. 2023 Jan 16;2023:6331650. doi: 10.1155/2023/6331650

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Titanium particles inhibit the differentiation of osteoblasts in vitro. (a) MC3T3-E1 cell viability was measured by the CCK-8 assay. (b) Representative images of ALP and ARS staining in vitro. (c, d) Quantification of ALP activity and bone mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells in each group. Note: n = 3 per group; ∗P < 0.05 and ∗∗P < 0.01 compared with the Ctrl group (without titanium particle intervention). (e) Representative images of western blots probed with antibodies against OSX and Runx2. (f, g) Quantification of OSX and Runx2 protein levels. n = 3 per group. NS: not statistically significant; ∗P < 0.05 and ∗∗P < 0.01 vs. the ctrl group at the same time point.