Table 3.
Adjusted multinomial logistic regression of factors associated with wheezing phenotypes in the Drakenstein Child Health Study
|
Phenotype 2: early transient wheeze |
Phenotype 3: late-onset wheeze |
Phenotype 4: recurrent wheeze |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | ||
| LRTI | |||||||
| Number of LRTI episodes | 1·69 (1·27–2·30) | 0·00053 | 1·60 (1·13–2·28) | 0·0081 | 2·79 (2·05–3·81) | <0·0001 | |
| Hospital admission (vs no hospital admission) | 1·40 (0·43–1·54) | 0·52 | 0·84 (0·38–1·82) | 0·66 | 1·01 (0·51–2·02) | 0·97 | |
| Respiratory syncytial virus-LRTI (vs respiratory syncytial virus-negative) | 3·34 (1·82–6·26) | <0·0001 | 2·82 (1·32–6·01) | 0·0071 | 2·59 (1·30–5·15) | 0·0067 | |
| Rhinovirus-LRTI (vs rhinovirus-negative) | 1·39 (0·74–2·59) | 0·31 | 1·79 (0·87–3·73) | 0·12 | 1·64 (0·83–3·22) | 0·15 | |
| Adenovirus-LRTI (vs adenovirus-negative) | 0·87 (0·42–1·77) | 0·71 | 1·56 (0·73–3·43) | 0·21 | 1·11 (0·53–2·30) | 0·78 | |
| Influenza (type A, B, or C)-LRTI vs influenza negative | 1·36 (0·46–2·77) | 0·78 | 1·38 (0·51–3·73) | 0·52 | 0·74 (0·27–1·95) | 0·54 | |
| Parainfluenza (type 1, 2, 3, or 4)-LRTI vs parainfluenza negative | 1·05 (0·41–2·62) | 0·92 | 1·75 (0·63–4·81) | 0·27 | 1·15 (0·45–2·92) | 0·76 | |
| Maternal characteristics | |||||||
| Postnatal smoking | 1·14 (0·75–1·74) | 0·52 | 1·65 (1·01–2·73) | 0·048 | 1·88 (1·12–3·02) | 0·015 | |
| Maternal asthma or allergy | 2·13 (1·01–4·49) | 0·047 | 2·02 (0·81–4·99) | 0·12 | 2·43 (0·94–6·26) | 0·066 | |
| Intimate partner violence | 1·23 (0·83–1·83) | 0·29 | 1·71 (1·04–2·80) | 0·031 | 2·01 (1·23–3·29) | 0·0051 | |
| Infant characteristics | |||||||
| Sex (male vs female) | 1·29 (0·88–1·87) | 0·19 | 1·44 (0·89–2·33) | 0·13 | 2·47 (1·50–4·04) | 0·00033 | |
| Exclusive breast feeding at 6 weeks | 0·65 (0·45–0·97) | 0·035 | 0·82 (0·50–1·32) | 0·42 | 0·72 (0·44–1·16) | 0·18 | |
| Socioeconomic status | |||||||
| Asset ownership | |||||||
| Low-medium vs low | 1·31 (0·80–2·16) | 0·28 | 2·51 (1·19–5·27) | 0·016 | 1·22 (0·63–2·31) | 0·55 | |
| Medium-high vs low | 0·86 (0·50–1·50) | 0·62 | 2·12 (0·97–4·63) | 0·057 | 0·89 (0·43–1·82) | 0·75 | |
| High vs low | 1·40 (0·79–2·46) | 0·24 | 4·74 (2·20–10·21) | <0·0001 | 2·46 (1·23–4·91) | 0·017 | |
Reference class was the never wheezing phenotype. OR=odds ratio. LRTI=lower respiratory tract infection.