Table 2.

Multivariable Cox Regression Analysis Hazards Ratios for 478 Wrists Undergoing 4-Corner Arthrodesis

Variable	HR (95% CI)	P Value
Age∗	0.98 (0.96–1.0)	.056
Race, White vs Non-White	1.46 (0.83–2.57)	.19
Smoking status, yes vs no	1.80 (1.13–2.87)	.014
Total number of distinct HCUP CCS counts†	1.05 (0.93–1.18)	.45
Surgical technique
Staple vs screw	0.54 (0.7–4.07)	.55
Plate vs screw	0.7 (0.38–1.29)	.25
Staple vs plate	0.76 (0.10–5.76)	.79
Kirschner wire vs screw	1.21 (0.68–2.15)	.51
Kirschner wire vs staple	2.26 (0.30–17.12)	.43
Kirschner wire vs plate	1.73 (0.96–3.10)	.07
Use of bone graft, yes vs no	0.6 (0.3–1.03)	.06
Underwent PIN neurectomy, yes vs no	0.9 (0.5–1.45)	.6
Wrist arthritis pattern, SNAC vs SLAC	1.0 (0.5–1.9)	.98
SLAC/SNAC stages, Stage I/II vs stage III	1.6 (0.97–2.58)	.07

^∗Compares the effect of age in patients who underwent a secondary procedure with those who did not.

^†CCS. Relevant comorbidities were selected using ICD codes and then grouped on the basis of HCUP single-level CCS.⁵