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. 2023 Jan 23;13:1295. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-28120-2

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Mediating role of cerebral white matter volumes on the association between exposure to childhood poverty and school performance in children from Dutch majority group. Total sample: n = 1365. Model adjusted for: poverty → cerebral white matter volume: child age at brain measurement, child sex, maternal education at pregnancy, maternal IQ, maternal and paternal psychiatric symptoms at pregnancy; cerebral white matter volume → school performance: child age at CITO assessment, child age at brain measurement, child sex, maternal education at pregnancy, maternal IQ, maternal and paternal psychiatric symptoms at pregnancy; poverty → school performance: child age at CITO assessment, child sex, maternal education at pregnancy, maternal IQ, maternal and paternal psychiatric symptoms at pregnancy. CITO score was derived from a mandatory academic test conducted in the final grade of primary school and a proxy of school performance. Higher score indicates higher levels of school performance.