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. 2023 Jan 23;9:7. doi: 10.1038/s41526-023-00248-5

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a After follicles developed under SMG or NG conditions, the oocytes were isolated from the cultured follicles. No significant changes in the diameters of oocytes were seen when comparing the SMG group (n = 13) with the NG group (n = 13) after 2 days of follicle culture. p value = 0.18. Scale bars, 30 μm. b LCA (Lens Culinaris Agglutinin)-FITC immunostaining showing abnormal cortical granule distribution in the SMG group oocytes (n = 53) compared to that in the NG group (n = 59). p value = 0.000067. Scale bars, 30 μm. c Oocytes obtained from antral follicles after 16 hours of culture with LH in vitro, showing a significantly decreased ratio of PB1 (red arrowheads) in the SMG group (n = 74) compared to that in the NG group (n = 63). p value = 0.0000000031. Scale bars, 100 μm. d An increased fluorescence intensity which represented higher ROS level in oocytes of the SMG group (n = 50) compared to that in the NG group (n = 36). p value = 0.00000000000000000000078. Scale bars, 100 μm. Representative images are shown. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. Data were analyzed by two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test and n.s. P ≥ 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.