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. 2023 Jan 23;9:7. doi: 10.1038/s41526-023-00248-5

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a Illustration of the strategy to label the Oo-Mvi by Gdf9-Cre;mTmG mouse model. The membrane-localized red fluorescent protein (mT) switches to green-fluorescent protein (mG) in oocytes of Gdf9-Cre;mTmG mouse to label oocyte membrane morphology. b Images of Gdf9-Cre;mTmG oocytes, showing the mushroom-like Oo-Mvi with vesicle tips distributed in the zona pellucida of oocytes in both the SMG and the NG groups. Scale bars, 30 μm. c 3D high-resolution images showing a decreased density of Oo-Mvi on the oocytes’ surface under SMG. Scale bars, 10 μm. d Numbers of Oo-Mvi reduced in SMG oocytes (n = 8) compared to that in NG (n = 8), showing a significantly reduced number of Oo-Mvi on oocytes in follicles after SMG treatment. p value = 0.00052. e High magnification showing that the length of Oo-Mvi in the SMG group was shorter than that in the NG group. Scale bars, 5 μm. f Quantification of the length of Oo-Mvi confirmed a dramatic decrease in the SMG group (n = 30) compared to that in the NG group (n = 30). p value = 0.00000000000000000052. The colors were inverted to black/white (b/w) to highlight Oo-Mvi in (e). Representative images are shown. Data is presented as the mean ± SD. Data were analyzed by two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test and ***P < 0.001.