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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Psychopathol Clin Sci. 2022 Oct 20;132(1):13–25. doi: 10.1037/abn0000787

Table 4.

Early childhood sleep variables predicting later probability of suicidal thoughts and behaviors from childhood to adolescence, controlling for child sex, early childhood depression severity, and income-to-needs ratio

DV = Suicidal Thoughts DV = Suicidal Behaviors

Estimate SE t p Estimate SE t p
Primary Analysis:
   Intercept −3.63 .41 −8.95 <.001 −8.72 1.95 −4.47 <.001
   Age .00 .11 .03 .98 .67 .28 2.38 .02
   Age squared −.04 .02 −1.60 .11 −.09 .04 −2.34 .02
   Female sex −.30 .37 −.81 .42 −1.16 1.15 −1.01 .31
   EC depression severity .25 .14 1.77 .08 .98 .46 2.14 .03
   EC Income-to-needs −.21 .17 −1.25 .21 −.54 .51 −1.06 .29
   Composite sleep index 1.17 .47 2.46 .01 1.05 1.32 .80 .43

Secondary Analyses:
   Intercept −3.61 .41 −8.87 <.001 −8.68 1.96 −4.44 <.001
   Age −.01 .11 −.06 .96 .67 .28 2.36 .02
   Age squared −.04 .02 −1.48 .14 −.09 .04 −2.35 .02
   Female sex −.34 .38 −.91 .36 −1.24 1.15 −1.08 .28
   EC depression severity .34 .14 2.51 .01 1.05 .45 2.32 .02
   EC Income-to-needs −.27 .17 −1.59 .11 −.59 .51 −1.14 .25
   Total sleep duration −.23 .14 −1.70 .09 −.23 .37 −.62 .53

   Intercept −3.68 .41 −8.88 <.001 −8.63 1.91 −4.51 <.001
   Age .05 .12 .46 .65 .67 .28 2.37 .02
   Age squared −.03 .02 −1.33 .18 −.09 .04 −2.35 .02
   Female sex −.41 .38 −1.07 .28 −1.26 1.14 −1.10 .27
   EC depression severity .35 .14 2.55 .01 1.02 .44 2.31 .02
   EC Income-to-needs −.23 .17 −1.35 .18 −.51 .50 −1.02 .31
   Nighttime sleep duration −.63 .21 −3.06 .002 −.68 .52 −1.31 .19
   Nighttime sleep duration x age .20 .07 2.88 .004 -- -- -- --

   Intercept −3.59 .41 −8.85 <.001 −8.79 1.98 −4.43 <.001
   Age .02 .11 .16 .87 .68 .28 2.41 .02
   Age squared −.03 .02 −1.31 .19 −.09 .04 −2.32 .02
   Female sex −.35 .38 −.93 .35 −1.23 1.16 −1.06 .29
   EC depression severity .36 .14 2.59 .01 1.09 .45 2.40 .02
   EC Income-to-needs −.27 .17 −1.58 .11 −.62 .52 −1.19 .23
   Nap sleep duration .12 .20 .60 .55 −.00 .61 −.00 1.00

   Intercept −3.60 .41 −8.85 <.001 −8.67 1.96 −4.43 <.001
   Age .01 .11 .11 .92 .67 .28 2.41 .02
   Age squared −.03 .02 −1.31 .19 −.09 .04 −2.42 .02
   Female sex −.34 .38 −.90 .37 −1.05 1.11 −.95 .34
   EC depression severity .36 .14 2.51 .01 .89 .44 2.03 .04
   EC Income-to-needs −.28 .17 −1.62 .11 −.48 .50 −.97 .33
   Daytime sleepiness −.01 .12 −.05 .96 .40 .30 1.33 .19

   Intercept −3.61 .40 −9.09 <.001 −8.76 1.95 −4.50 <.001
   Age .02 .11 .15 .88 .67 .28 2.42 .02
   Age squared −.03 .02 −1.46 .15 −.09 .04 −2.30 .02
   Female sex −.30 .37 −.81 .42 −1.17 1.15 −1.02 .31
   EC depression severity .25 .14 1.79 .07 1.01 .45 2.23 .03
   EC Income-to-needs −.32 .17 −1.90 .06 −.65 .52 −1.27 .21
   Bedtime resistance .54 .18 2.95 .003 .48 .51 .95 .34

   Intercept −3.60 .41 −8.85 <.001 −8.79 2.00 −4.40 <.001
   Age .01 .11 .10 .92 .68 .28 2.43 .02
   Age squared −.03 .02 −1.32 .19 −.09 .04 −2.32 .02
   Female sex −.34 .38 −.89 .37 −1.27 1.15 −1.11 .27
   EC depression severity .36 .14 2.61 .01 1.11 .46 2.40 .02
   EC Income-to-needs −.27 .17 −1.60 .11 −.67 .51 −1.31 .19
   Sleep regularity −.04 .20 −.17 .86 .83 .74 1.11 .27

   Intercept −3.54 .39 −8.96 <.001 −8.75 1.97 −4.43 <.001
   Age −.00 .11 −.02 .98 .68 .28 2.41 .02
   Age squared −.03 .02 −1.45 .15 −.09 .04 −2.33 .02
   Female sex −.40 .37 −1.09 .28 −1.21 1.15 −1.05 .29
   EC depression severity .32 .13 2.45 .01 1.09 .45 2.40 .02
   EC Income-to-needs −.17 .16 −1.04 .30 −.65 .53 −1.23 .22
   Bedtime .47 .19 2.46 .01 −.18 .59 −.31 .75

   Intercept −3.60 .41 −8.83 <.001 −8.79 1.98 −4.43 <.001
   Age 0.01 .11 .11 .91 .68 .28 2.41 .02
   Age squared −.03 .02 −1.31 .19 −.09 .04 −2.33 .02
   Female sex −.34 .38 −.90 .37 −1.23 1.16 −1.06 .29
   EC depression severity .36 .14 2.61 .01 1.09 .45 2.40 .02
   EC Income-to-needs −.28 .17 −1.64 .10 −.62 .52 −1.19 .23
   Waketime .02 .31 .07 .94 −.00 .90 −.00 1.00

   Intercept −3.59 .41 −8.86 <.001 −8.78 1.98 −4.43 <.001
   Age .01 .11 .11 .92 .68 .28 2.41 .02
   Age squared −.03 .02 −1.34 .18 −.09 .04 −2.33 .02
   Female sex −.33 .38 −.89 .38 −1.21 1.16 −1.05 .29
   EC depression severity .34 .14 2.36 .02 1.09 .47 2.31 .02
   EC Income-to-needs −.26 .17 −1.53 .13 −.61 .52 −1.17 .24
   Sleep onset latency .00 .01 .44 .66 −.00 .02 −.03 .97

   Intercept −3.56 .40 −8.88 <.001 −8.79 1.98 −4.45 <.001
   Age .01 .11 .06 .95 .68 .28 2.41 .02
   Age squared −.03 .02 −1.41 .16 −.09 .04 −2.31 .02
   Female sex −.36 .37 −.96 .34 −1.13 1.16 −.97 .33
   EC depression severity .39 .14 2.80 .01 1.03 .45 2.28 .02
   EC Income-to-needs −.28 .17 −1.68 .09 −.60 .51 −1.17 .24
   Number of nighttime awakenings −.31 .22 −1.37 .17 .38 .53 .71 .48

   Intercept −3.61 .40 −8.96 <.001 −8.78 1.98 −4.44 <.001
   Age .03 .11 .24 .81 .68 .28 2.41 .02
   Age squared −.03 .02 −1.44 .15 −.09 .04 −2.33 .02
   Female sex −.31 .37 −.85 .40 −1.24 1.16 −1.07 .28
   EC depression severity .31 .14 2.26 .02 1.09 .46 2.40 .02
   EC Income-to-needs −.31 .17 −1.86 .06 −.61 .52 −1.18 .24
   Reluctance to sleep alone .34 .14 2.41 .02 −.07 .39 −.18 .86

Note: EC = early childhood; Bolded text indicates sleep predictors significant in the model at p < .05