Fig. 10. Hepatic ATF3 and RIPK3 expression in patients with NASH.

Serial sections of liver specimens in NAFLD patients were stained for ATF3, RIPK3 or phosphorylated RIPK3 (p-RIPK3). a Correlation (r) between the ATF3 and RIPK3 grades, between the RIPK3 and p-RIPK3 grades, and between the ATF3 and p-RIPK3 grades, calculated using Spearman’s rank correlation test. b Images of serial sections from human NASH (stages 3 and 4). Arrowheads indicate both ATF3⁺ and RIPK3⁺ hepatocytes. Arrows indicate ATF3⁺ or RIPK3⁺ hepatocytes. Scale bar, 50 μm. c Percentage of RIPK3⁺ or RIPK3⁻ hepatocytes in ATF3⁺ hepatocytes (left). Percentage of ATF3⁺ or ATF3⁻ hepatocytes in RIPK3⁺ hepatocytes (right). d Correlation (r) between the p-RIPK3 grade and AST level, calculated using Spearman’s rank correlation test. e–i Semiquantitative evaluation of ATF3, RIPK3 and p-RIPK3 by NAS (e), steatosis (f), ballooning (g), inflammation (h) and fibrosis stage (i). Group comparisons were tested by the Kruskal–Wallis test. Data are presented as the mean values ± SEM. [(a, d–i) Sample size is indicated in each figure. b, c n = 6/group, biologically independent samples]. The liver biopsy samples are biologically independent samples. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.