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. 2023 Jan 10;13:950314. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.950314

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Copyright © 2023 Borghi, Zaninelli, Saraiva-Santos, Bertozzi, Cardoso, Carvalho, Ferraz, Camilios-Neto, Cunha, Cunha, Pinho-Ribeiro, Casagrande and Verri.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Experimental protocol and analgesic effect of pentoxifylline (Ptx). (A) Schematic representation of the experimental protocol used in the study. Ptx inhibits intense acute swimming–induced (B) muscle mechanical hyperalgesia and (C) increased plasmatic creatine phosphokinase (4.5 mg/kg dose; i.p.), and it does not induce (D) motor dysfunctions or impairments in (E) time spent in swimming behavior (the white color at the top of the bars indicates the immobility time). Results are presented as intensity of hyperalgesia (Δ reaction, in grams) and as creatine phosphokinase (total) (U/L of plasma) for CK plasmatic levels, and the results of motor and swimming performance are presented in seconds and minutes, respectively (n = 6 mice per group per experiment and is representative of two independent experiments). *p < .05 when compared with control groups, #p < .05 when compared with the Veh group (two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc).