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. 2023 Jan 10;13:1094076. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1094076

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Copyright © 2023 Lushchak, Strilbytska, Koliada and Storey.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Physiological changes during post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Following the traumatic event, PTSD is common and is one of the serious health concerns. PTSD can be associated with lasting changes in the brain areas implicated in the stress response include the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex. Functional limitations and respiratory syndromes may co-ocuure with PTSD. Stress is also the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Pathophysiology includes changes in the immune system function in individuals with PTSD suggest its association with enhanced immune inflammatory activity.