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Functionalities of the six major categories of micro-robots.
| Categories | Manipulation | Locomotion | On-board actuation | Self-propulsion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tethered passive micro-tools | ● | — | — | — |
| Tethered active micro-grippers | ● | — | ● | — |
| Untethered micro-carriers | ● | ● | — | — |
| Untethered micro-grippers | ● | ● | ● | — |
| Self-propelled micro-robots | — | ● | — | ● |
| Mobile micro-surgeons | ● | ● | ● | ● |
